Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception

Annotations:

• Information from our 5 senses. 

1. Visual System
   1. Lens

      Annotations:

      • Focuses light on retina
   2. Pupil

      Annotations:

      • regulates amount of light
   3. Retina

      Annotations:

      • sense organ for light
      1. Rods

         Annotations:

         • black and white
      2. Cones

         Annotations:

         • Color vision
   4. Brightness
   5. Color
   6. Saturation
2. Auditory system
   1. Vestibular system
   2. Semi-circular canals
   3. Loudness
   4. Pitch
   5. Timbre
3. Psycho Physics

   Annotations:

   • Sensation begins with a detectable stimulus 
   1. Thresholds

      Annotations:

      • The threshold is the minimum amount of change required to generate an action potential. 
      1. Fechner
      2. Absolute Threshold

         Annotations:

         • In neuroscience and psychophysics, an absolute threshold was originally defined as the lowest level of a stimulus —light, sound, touch, etc.—that an organism could detect.
   2. JND

      Annotations:

      • Just Noticeable Difference (JND) is a sensory environment for one person at a time lying in total darkness. The installation is based on Gustav Fechner's concept of the just noticeable difference: the ability to perceptually detect the smallest changes in sensory stimuli.
      1. Weber
4. Taste
   1. Sweet
   2. Sour
   3. Bitter
   4. Salty
   5. Umami
5. Smell
   1. Olfactory
   2. Pheromones
6. Touch
   1. Pressure
   2. Pain
   3. temperature
   4. Kinesthetic

Annotations:

• Making sense of what we perceive. 

1. Feature Analysis
   1. Bottom-Up

      Annotations:

      • Believe what we see
   2. Top-Down

      Annotations:

      • See what we believe
   3. Ames Room
   4. Gestalt Form Perception
2. Perception of Vision
   1. Trichromatic

      Annotations:

      • Eye has three types of receptors pairings of the same three colors: green, blue, and red. 
   2. Operant process

      Annotations:

      • receptors act opposite Green, blue, and red. 
   3. Optical illusion
   4. Occipital Lobe