5345807
Description
Mind Map by Jess Hughes, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Jess Hughes
about 10 years ago
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EWT - anxiety
- When we are in a state of anxiety,
we tend to focus on whatever is
making us feel anxious or fearful,
and we exclude other information
about the situation.
- If a weapon is used to threaten a
victim, their attention is likely to
focus on it. Consequently, their
recall of other information is
likely to be poor.
- If a weapon is used to threaten a
victim, their attention is likely to
focus on it. Consequently, their
recall of other information is
likely to be poor.
- Clifford and Scott (1978) found that people who saw
a film of a violent attack remembered fewer of the
40 items of information about the event than a
control group who saw a less stressful version. As
witnessing a real crime is probably more stressful
than taking part in an experiment, memory
accuracy may well be even more affected in real life.
- One strength of this study is that it had
high ecological validity compared with
lab studies which tend to control
variables and use student populations as
research participants. accuracy of their
memory recall
- One weakness of this study was
that there was an extraneous
variable. The witnesses who
experienced the highest levels of
stress where actually closer to the
event (the shooting) and this may
have helped with the accuracy of
their memory recall.
- One strength of this study is that it had
high ecological validity compared with
lab studies which tend to control
variables and use student populations as
research participants. accuracy of their
memory recall
- Weapon focus
- People in real life situations
may focus on the weapon
rather than the scenario and
therefore lose sight of details in
the crime.
- Johnson and Scott – participants heard
arguing and then saw a man carrying a
knife covered in blood or a greasy pen .
Participants then had to identify the man
- Those who saw the knife
had 33% overall accuracy
- Those who saw the knife
had 33% overall accuracy
- People in real life situations
may focus on the weapon
rather than the scenario and
therefore lose sight of details in
the crime.
- Yuille and Cutshall
- contradicts the importance of
stress in influencing eyewitness
memory.
- 21 witnesses observed a
shooting incident in Canada
outside a gun shop in which 1
person was killed and a 2nd
seriously wounded.
- The incident took place on a
major thoroughfare in
mid-afternoon. All of the
witnesses were interviewed by
the investigating police, and 13
witnesses (aged 15-32 yrs.) agreed
to a research interview 4-5
months after the event
- . The witnesses were
also asked to rate
how stressed they
had felt at the time of
the incident, using a 7
point scale.
- The eyewitness accounts provided
in both the police and research
interviews were analysed and
compared.
- The results of the study
showed the witnesses
were highly accurate in
their accounts, and
there was little change
in amount or accuracy
of recall after 5 months.
- The study also showed that stress
levels did not have an effect on
memory, contrary to lab findings.
- All participants showed high levels of
accuracy, indicating that stress had
little effect on accuracy.
- However, very high anxiety was
linked to better accuracy.
Participants who reported the
highest levels of stress were most
accurate (about 88% accurate
compared to 75% for the
less-stressed group).
- contradicts the importance of
stress in influencing eyewitness
memory.
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