Chapter 5

Chapter 5

1. Sleep

   • Sleep
     • Stages of sleep
       • Stage 1
         • Brief and transitional
         • Alpha > Theta
       • Stage 2
         • Sleep spindles
       • Stages 3 & 4
         • Slow-wave sleep
         • Delta waves
       • Stage 5
         • REM sleep
           • EEG similar to when awake
           • Vivid dreaming
           • Developmental differences in REM sleep
     • Neural bases of sleep
       • Brain Structures
         • Medulla
         • Thalamus
         • Hypothalmus
         • Limbic system
         • Pons
           • Critical for REM sleep
         • Ascending reticular activating system
           • A system of fibers running through the Reticular formation
           • Influence Physiological Arousal
       • Neurotransmitters
         • Acetylcholine
         • Serotonion
         • As well as norepinephrine, dopamine and GABA
     • Sleep Depravation
       • Complete Deprivation
         • 3 or 4 days max
       • Partial Deprivation
         • Impaired attention, reaction time coordination and decision masking
       • Selective Depravation
         • Remand slow-wave sleep rebound effect
     • Sleep problems
       • Insomnia
       • Narcolepsy
       • Sleep apnea
       • Nightmares
       • Night terrors
       • Somnambulism/ sleep walking

2. Hypnosis and meditation

   • Hypnosis
     • A systematic procedure that increases suggestibility
     • Hypnotic Suggestibility varies from person to person.
     • Effects of Hypnosis
       • Pain Relief
       • Hallucinations
       • Disinhibition
       • Post Hypnotic sugestion
   • Meditation
     • Practice that trains attention to heighten awareness and bring mental processes under greater controll
     • Similar to Relaxation

3. Drugs and Addiction

   • Drugs
     • A chemical substance that alters perception, mood or behaviour
     • Produce an altered state of consciousness
     • Types of Drugs
       • Depressents
         • Reduce neural Activity
         • Alcohol and sedatives
       • Inhalants
         • Chemical inhaled to alter consciousness
         • Low doses relax
         • High doses cause hallucinations and loss of consciousness
         • Paint, gasoline, etc.
       • Opiates/Narcotics
         • Depress neural activity
         • Relieve pain
         • Opium, morphine, oxycodone, and Heroin
       • Stimulants
         • Excite neural activity and speed up body functions
         • Wide range of stimulants
         • Caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, and cocaine
       • Hallucinogens/psychedelic drugs
         • Distort perceptions and evoke sensory images
         • LSD, mescaline and marijuna
   • Addiction
     • Physical Dependence
     • Psychological Dependence
     • Tolerance
     • Withdrawal symptoms
     • Drug rebound effect

4. Biological Rythms

   • Circadian Rythms
     • 24 hour biological cycle
     • Regulates Melatonin
     • Physiological pathway of biological clock
     • Regulates sleep and other biological functions