759013
Description
Mind Map by b-jane-williams, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by b-jane-williams
almost 11 years ago
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The USA and Vietnam 1964-1975
- US Support, 1954-60
- USA was determined to support South Vietnam against any possible takeover from the
North. This was due to the domino theory - the USA feared that, one by one, each
country in Asia would fall to communism, like a row of dominoes (Domino Theory)
- American support for South Vietnam included:
- $1.6 billion in aid between 1954 and 1960
- Sending US military advisers in
1954 to help 'prepare' for the 1956
elections
- Backing Diem's refusal to hold elections in
1956 in case the Communist's won
- $1.6 billion in aid between 1954 and 1960
- USA was determined to support South Vietnam against any possible takeover from the
North. This was due to the domino theory - the USA feared that, one by one, each
country in Asia would fall to communism, like a row of dominoes (Domino Theory)
- The Theory of Guerrilla Warfare
- The Vietcong copied the methods that had been used successfully by the
communists in China. This involved using Guerilla Tactic because the
Vietcong knew that they could not hope to defeat the USA in open battle.
- The Vietcong copied the methods that had been used successfully by the
communists in China. This involved using Guerilla Tactic because the
Vietcong knew that they could not hope to defeat the USA in open battle.
- Guerilla Tactics, 1964-1968
- In jungle conditions
- Booby traps
- Ambushes
- Sabotages US bases
- Disappear in jungle
- Vietcong are hard to defect
- Built thousand of KM of tunnels (Underground)
- The Vietcong was supplied by the NV via the Ho Chi Minh Trail.
- Had support from the Village people, gained their respect and trust
- In jungle conditions
- Operation Rolling Thunder, 1965
- In 1964, the Gulf of Tonkin incident was used as a excuse by
the new presdient, Lyndon Joshnson, to take action against
NV.
- It was claimed that NV patrol boats had attacked the US
destroyer, the Maddox, in the Gulf Of Tonkin. The USA
responded with a bombing raid
- It was claimed that NV patrol boats had attacked the US
destroyer, the Maddox, in the Gulf Of Tonkin. The USA
responded with a bombing raid
- The Vietcong attacked a US base at Pleiku. 9 Americans were killed and nearly 100
wounded. The USA responded with a major bombing NV, code name Operation
Rolling Thunder.
- Operation Rolling Thunder was designed to destroy roads, railways, and
Vietcong bases in NV (Ho Chi Minh Trail- supple route from North to South
Vietnam for the Vietcong)
- In 1964, the Gulf of Tonkin incident was used as a excuse by
the new presdient, Lyndon Joshnson, to take action against
NV.
- Search and Destory
- Used to try and flush the Vietcong out of the countryside
- It was difficult to distinguish the Vietcong from
the normal Vietnamese people
- Used to try and flush the Vietcong out of the countryside
- Agent Orange and Napalm
- Americans decided to use chemical weapons to
get the Vietcong out of the jungles
- Agent Orange destroyed hundreds
of thousands of forests and crops
- Exposure to AO caused cancer,
birth defects. US Forces and
Vietnamese peasants were
affected
- Exposure to AO caused cancer,
birth defects. US Forces and
Vietnamese peasants were
affected
- Agent Orange destroyed hundreds
of thousands of forests and crops
- Napalm, an incendiary weapon which
contained petrol, chemicals and phosphorous,
and burned the skin right to the bone.
- These tactics didnt work, they killed civilians. This turned world
opinion against the USA for using such inhumane weapons. Alienated
even more of the population of SV who turned to the Vietcong.
- None of these tactics successfully defeated the Vietcong
- None of these tactics successfully defeated the Vietcong
- Americans decided to use chemical weapons to
get the Vietcong out of the jungles
- 1968 - The My Lai Massacre
- In March 1968, US Forces under the command of
Lietutenant William Calley entered the village of My Lai,
which was suspected of hiding Vietcong Troops
- In a few hours, between 300 and 500 unarmed
civilians, women and children were killed
- Media Coverage of the war
- The media showed terrible photos of the incident. Pure red blood was shown on the
TV. US Public was shocked, they were revolted to learn how innocent civilians had
been cruelly butchered. This led to the Americans being against the war.
- Photos shown on TV and newspapers
and spoken about on the radio
- The media showed terrible photos of the incident. Pure red blood was shown on the
TV. US Public was shocked, they were revolted to learn how innocent civilians had
been cruelly butchered. This led to the Americans being against the war.
- Media Coverage of the war
- In a few hours, between 300 and 500 unarmed
civilians, women and children were killed
- In March 1968, US Forces under the command of
Lietutenant William Calley entered the village of My Lai,
which was suspected of hiding Vietcong Troops
- 1970 - The Kent State University Protest in Ohio
- Students held demonstrations and protests,
usually peacefully, on uni campuses and in
towns and cities.
- Went on strike in their Uni
- Burned draft papers
- Disrupted transport used for moving troops an army supplies
- Over 1,000 students protested
- Caused damage
- The National Guard were called in, first used tear gas and then bullets.
- 4 students shot dead and 9 others wounded
- 4 students shot dead and 9 others wounded
- The event was broadcast all over the USA and the
world causing shock and revulsion. Had a big
effect on Government of President Nixon
- Students held demonstrations and protests,
usually peacefully, on uni campuses and in
towns and cities.
- 1971 - The Fulbright Hearings
- With congress, one of the two houses, the
Senate, has a Foreign Affairs Committee. In
1971, it's chairman was William Fulbright. The
committee investigated the Vietnam War.
- As more people gave evidence, the more emerged
about the inhuman behaviour of the US troops.
- As more people gave evidence, the more emerged
about the inhuman behaviour of the US troops.
- With congress, one of the two houses, the
Senate, has a Foreign Affairs Committee. In
1971, it's chairman was William Fulbright. The
committee investigated the Vietnam War.
- 1968 - The Tet Offensive
- In late January, 1968, during the lunar new year (or Tet) holiday, North Vietnamese and
communist Vietcong forces launched a coordinated attack against a number of targets in South
Vietnam. The U.S. and South Vietnamese militaries sustained heavy losses before finally
repelling the communist assault. The Tet Offensive played an important role in weakening U.S.
public support for the war in Vietnam.
- Ho Chi Minh and leaders in Hanoi planned the Tet Offensive in the
hopes of achieving a decisive victory that would end the grinding
conflict that frustrated military leaders on both sides.
- In late January, 1968, during the lunar new year (or Tet) holiday, North Vietnamese and
communist Vietcong forces launched a coordinated attack against a number of targets in South
Vietnam. The U.S. and South Vietnamese militaries sustained heavy losses before finally
repelling the communist assault. The Tet Offensive played an important role in weakening U.S.
public support for the war in Vietnam.
- 1973 - Paris Peace Conference and US withdrawal
- Agreement was reached at Paris on the terms for ending the war
- All US armed forces would leave Vietnam
- US prisoners of war were to be released by North Vietnam
- The government of South Vietnam continued to exist, but North Vietnamese
forces could stay in areas of South Vietnam that they controlled
- Elections to be held in the future would determine whether Vietnam became united or not
- All US armed forces would leave Vietnam
- All US troops had left Vietnam by April 1973. Only US adviser remained.
The North Vietnamese were in a good position to complete the conquest
of the South
- Agreement was reached at Paris on the terms for ending the war
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