921456
Bartlett (1932)
schemas and
remembering stories
- Aim: To investigate how
information changes with each
reproduction and find out why it
changes.
- Procedure: Used a story called
war of the ghosts from a different
culture to all the participants.
- Serial reproduction task: The first
participants in the chain read the story
top themselves and waited 15-20
minutes before they told the next group
of people. Each participant then
repeated it to the next person in the
group of 10. There were several chains
of participants.
- Repeated reproduction task: Each participant
was tested seperatly. They read the story
through and then waited 15 befor giving their first
reproduction without looking at the orgional story.
They then had to do more reproductrions at
different intervals e.g. 8 days, 6 months, 4 years.
- There were 20 participants,
13 men and 7 women
- Serial reproduction task: The first
participants in the chain read the story
top themselves and waited 15-20
minutes before they told the next group
of people. Each participant then
repeated it to the next person in the
group of 10. There were several chains
of participants.
- Findings: very few participants
remembered the story accurately.
- Form: once a story has a
particular outline it sticks.
- Details: information such as names is lost. If
remembered they become steryotyped.
Over a long period of time theyu are
remembered if they match expectations or
interests.
- Simplification: events are made less
complicated, details are left out or made
more familiar. This can change the
meaning of a story.
- Addition: inaccurate details are
put in.
- The serial reproduction showed the same
results as the repeated reproductions.
They also showed clearly how one persons
interpretation affected all the others in the
chain
- Form: once a story has a
particular outline it sticks.
- Conclusion: unfamiliar material
changes when it is recalled. It becomes
shorter, simper and more stereotyped.
This may be due to the effect of schema
on memory.
- Weaknesses: 1) by choosing unfamiliar material he couldn't be
sure that the changes would happen with familiar information.
2) Wasn't the same time intervals between testing so cant be
compared fairly.
- Strengths: 1) both the repeated and serial
reproduction tasks were done many times.
2) other stories were also used in serial
reproduction
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