Cardiovascular and Respiratory

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Hypertension HTN Drugs

ACE Inhibitors

ARBs

Calcium Channel Blockers

Alpha 1 adrenergic Blockers

Beta adrenergic Blockers

Centrally acting Alpha 2 Agonists

Alpha/Beta Blockers

Direct Acting Vasodilators

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ACE Inhibitors- Captopril

Treats: Hypertension, HF, Diabetic Neuphropathy, Left Ventricular Dysfunction following MI

Pharmacological Effects

Blocks the conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2.

Prevents the degradation of Bradykinin and other Vasodilatory Prostaglandins

Causes:

Arteriolar Vasodilation

Urinary excretion of Na and water

Urinary retention of K+

Increase in Plasma Renin levels

Decrease in Aldosterone levels

Net result is systemic vasodilation

Only given PO

Give 1 hour before meals

Adverse Reactions

Dizziness, fatigue, Headache, Insomnia

cough

Hypotension, Chest Pain, Palpitations, Tachycardia

Angioedema, Rash, Pruritis

Hyperkalemia

Agranulocytosis

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ARBs- Losartan

Treats Hypertension, manages Diabetics Nephropathy, Stroke prevention

Therapeutic Uses:

Blocks Angiotensin 2 receptors

Causes:

Vasodilation arteriolar

Urinary excretion of Na+ and Water

Urinary retention of K+

Adverse Effects:

Angioedema

Headache, insomnia

Sever hypotension may occur with Over Dose or Volume Depletion

Contraindications:

Pregnancy Category D for 2nd and 3rd trimesters

Children Under 6

Children greater than 6 with low CLCr

Precautions

Concurrent Diuretic use

Hyperkalemia

Liver or Renal Disorder

1st trimester Pregnancy

Medication/ Food Interactions

Hypertensive drugs increase the risk of Hypotension

Phenobarbital decreases serum levels of Losartan

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Calcium Channel Blocker- Nifedipine

Treats Mild-Moderate Hypertension, Cardiac Dyshrthmias, treat stable angina

Blocks Ca+ channels in smooth muscle cells in peripheral, cardiac arterioles and cardiac dyshrthmias

Causes

vasodilation arteriol

decrease in BP

Increase Coronary Perfusion

Increase HR

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Alpha 1 Adrenergic Blocker- Doxazosin

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Beta Adrenergic Blocker- Atenolol & Metoprolol

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Centrally Acting Alpha 2 Agonist- Clonidine

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Alpha/Beta Blocker- Carvedilol

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Direct acting Vasodilator- Hydralazine