Flashcards
Personality
Flashcards do conjunto (18)
- 1What is temperament?Inherited aspects of personality
- 2Describe and evaluate a study on temperamentTHOMAS, CHESS AND BIRCH
A- longitudinal study into personality and temperament
M- 133 babies between 2 and 3 months, observed at different stages of development, parents interviewed about child's development 7 times
R- children fell in 3 temperaments: easy - happy, flexible; difficult - demanding, inflexible; slow to warm up - didn't respond well to change
C- ways of responding stayed with them as they developed, temperament is innate
E- longitudinal, middle class Americans, interviews - 3Describe and evaluate a study on temperament involving twinsBUSS AND PLOMIN
A- see if traits of temperament can be seen in childhood
M- rating scales given to parents, children were either monozygotic twins or dizygotic twins, temperament rated when 5yrs
R- closer correlations on emotionality, activity and sociability between MZ twins rather than DZ twins
C- temperament has a genetic bases
E- twins, could be down to environment - 4Describe and evaluate a study on children's temperament with new situationsKAGAN AND SNIDMAN
A- compare inhibited and less inhibited young children
M- studied reaction of 9 month old babies to new situations, and compared behaviours of emotionally reserved with the sociable.
R- 20% high level of motor activity, 40% showed little movement or emotion
C- these two temperaments are due to inherited differences
E- large sample, artificial setting, observation - 5Define extroversiona personality type that describes people who look to the outside world for entertainment
- 6Define introversiona personality type that describes people who're content with their own company
- 7Define neuroticisma personality type that describes people who are highly emotional and show a quick, intense reation
- 8Describe and evaluate Eysenck studyA- investigate personality of 700 servicemen
M- completed a questionnaire, Eysenck analysed results.
R- identified two dimensions, one going from extroversion to introversion, the other to neuroticism and stability
C- everyone can be placed along these dimensions, most people lie in the middle
E- soldiers used, small number of personality typed identified, questionnaire - 9What is Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI)done in 1964 the first questionnaire he designed, found traits were unstable to stable, and introversion and extroversion
- 10What is Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD)A condition in which the individual does not use socially acceptable behaviours or consider the rights of others
- 11What is Antisocial Personality DisorderA condition in which the individuals does not use socially acceptable behaviour or considers the rights of others
- 12What characteristics do people who have APD have?- Not following social norms and the laws of society
- being deceitful and lying
- not planning ahead and being impulsive
- being irritable and aggressive
- being careless with regards to the safety of themselves and others
- showing a lack of remorse with regards to stealing and hurting others - 13Describe characteristics of APD- not following social norms and the laws of society
- being deceitful and lying
- not planning ahead and being impulsive
- being irritable and aggressive
- being careless with regards to the safety of themselves and others
- showing a lack of remorse with regards to stealing and hurting others - 14What are the biological causes of APD?- brain abnormalities in the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex
- 15Describe and evaluate a study on APDRAINE
A- see if criminals brains were any different to non-criminals brains
M- 21 male criminals and a control group used as comparison had a PET scan which compared the level and location in brain activity in the two hemispheres
R- APD group had 11% reduction in prefrontal cortex compared to CG
C- APD is caused by reduction in grey matter
E- males only, volunteers - 16What are situational causes of APD?- low family income and/or poor housing
- quality of life at home which may include poor parenting
- educational factors such as poor schooling or poor attendance at school - 17Describe and evaluate a study on situational causes of APDFARRINGTON
A- conduct a longitudinal study to see if APD can be predicted from psychosocial factors during childhood
M- 411 males between 8 and 10yrs were studied until 50, done by interviewing participants, families and contacting criminal records office, all participants live in deprived, inner-city area of London
R- nearly 1/2 boys with antisocial parents at 10 were antisocial later in life, 41% convicted of at least 1 criminal offence by the age of 50
C- situational factors lead to antisocial behaviour
E- wasn't controlled, interviews - 18Describe and evaluate a study on childhood risk factors and antisocial behaviourELANDER
A- investigate if childhood risk factors can be used to predict antisocial behaviour in adulthood
M- histories of 13 individuals who had all committed crimes by 22yrs were analysed
R- found evidence of minor juvenile delinquency in 12/13, childhood has also included antisocial behaviour and also mental illness
C- disruptive behaviour in childhood can be used to predict APD in adulthood
E- retrospective, done on twins, childhood risk factors make some people more likely to develop APD than others
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- FlashCards sobre Personality, criado por emily-kenning em 05-05-2015.
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