Flashcards
Unit 1: Sustaining Ecosystems
Flashcards do conjunto (80)
- 1biomelarge area of the biosphere that has characteristic climate, plants, animals and soil
- 2bioticliving
- 3abioticnon-living
- 4elevationthe height above sea level
- 5adaptationa characteristic that allows an organism to better survive and reproduce
- 6structural adaptationa physical feature that helps an organism survive
- 7physiological adaptationa physical or chemical event inside the body of an organism that allows it to survive
- 8behavioural adaptationa behaviour that helps an organism to survive
- 9divisions of life on earth in order from largest to smallest:biosphere
biome
ecosystem
habitat - 10nutrientsminerals that organisms need to live and grow
- 11photosynthesisa chemical reaction that converts solar energy into chemical energy usable by plants
- 12ecological hierarchy + the orderthe order of relationships in an ecosystem:
ecosystem
community
population
organism - 13symbiosisa relationship in which two different organisms live together in close association
- 14commensalismone organism benefits and the other organism is not affected
- 15mutualismboth organisms benefit
- 16parasitismone organism benefits and the other organism is harmed
- 17hostthe organism that a parasite lives in or on
- 18nichethe role an organism has within an ecosystem
- 19competitionan interaction that occurs between two or more organisms when they need the same resource in the same location at the same time
- 20predationthe relationship where one organism (the predator) kills and consumes another organism (the prey)
- 21producersproduce food in the form of carbohydrates
- 22consumersorganisms that feed on other organisms
- 23decomposersorganisms such as bacteria and fungi that change wastes and dead organisms into usable nutrients for other organisms
- 24detrivoresconsumers that eat dead organisms and waste matter
- 25herbivoreseat only plants
- 26carnivoresmeat eater
- 27omnivoresboth plant and animal eaters
- 28trophic levels
- 29pyramid of numbersshows number of organisms at each trophic level
- 30pyramid of biomassshows number of organisms at each trophic level multiplies by their mass
- 31pyramid of energyshows amount of energy available at each trophic level
- 32carbon storea.k.a carbon sink, is a short or long term accumulation of carbon
- 33where are short-term carbon stores?-aquatic and terrestrial organisms
-carbon dioxide
-atmosphere
-top layer of the ocean - 34where are long-term carbon stores?-middle & lower ocean layer dissolved in CO2
-coal
-oil
-gas deposits in land
-ocean sediments - 35carbon exchangehow carbon is moved through terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems
- 36cellular respirationthe process where both plants and animals release carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere
- 37carbonatecarbon & oxygen dissolved in ocean water
- 38fossil fuelsoil, gas and coal
- 39legumesplants such as peas and beans that can fix atmospheric nitrogen
- 40nitrification2 step process that occurs when nitrifying bacteria convert ammonium into nitrate
- 41denitrificationthe process where nitrogen is returned into the atmosphere
- 42where does nitrogen fixation occur?atmosphere, soil & water
- 43where is phosphorus found?phosphates found in rocks & ocean floor
- 44geological upliftthe process of mountain building where earth's crust folds and deeply buried rock layers rise and are exposed
- 45bioaccumulationbuild up of synthetic and organic chemicals in living organisms
- 46keystone speciesspecies that greatly affect population numbers and health of an ecosystem
- 47biomagnificationprocess where chemicals accumulate and become more concentrated at each trophic level
- 48DDTpesticide introduced to control mosquito populations
- 49heavy metalsmetals that accumulate and are toxic to animals at low concentrations
- 503 heavy metalslead, cadmium, mercury
- 51bioremediationthe use of micro-organisms or plants to help clean up chemical pollution
- 52natural selectionprocess where the best adapted members of a species will survive and reproduce
- 53adaptive radiationmembers of a species adapt to a variety of habitats
- 54ecological successionchanges that take place over time in the types of organisms that live in an area
- 55primary successionoccurs where no soil exists
- 56pioneer speciesfirst organisms to survive and reproduce
- 57lichensexamples of a mutualistic relationship between fungus and algae
- 58secondary successionoccurs after a major disturbance
- 59climax communitya mature community that continues to change over time
- 60ecological stabilitypopulations are able to return to their previous state when disturbed
- 61estuariescoastal bodies of water where rivers or streams meet the ocean
- 62deforestationforests are logged or cleared for human use and not replanted
- 63soil degradationsoil becomes less healthy and able to support life
- 64native speciesplants and animals the naturally inhabit an area
- 65foreign speciesorganisms that people intentionally or accidentally introduced into regions where they did not exist
- 66—boreal forest
- 67—desert
- 68—grassland
- 69—permanent ice
- 70—temperate rainforest
- 71—tropical rainforest
- 72—tundra
- 73what percent of energy is lost moving up each trophic level?90%
lost as heat to the environment - 74what does soil so for an ecosystem?provides water storage + nutrients
- 75what happens to prey when predator count goes up?prey count goes down
- 76biodegrationbreaking down of dead organic matter by living organisms like bacteria
- 77where does nitrogen fixation occur?water, soil, atmosphere
- 78nitrogen fixationnitrogen gas is converted to ammonium
- 79nitrificationammonium is converted into nitrate
- 80denitrificationnitrogen is returned into the atmosphere
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- grade 10 science 10 FlashCards sobre Unit 1: Sustaining Ecosystems, criado por Alyssa Conte em 06-06-2015.
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- Alyssa Conte
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