Flashcards
Research methods
Flashcards do conjunto (33)
- 1What is the IV?This is the variable being manipulated in the experiment. The IV has a direct affect on the DV.
- 2What is meant by the DV?This is the variable being measured in the experiment. This is measured after making changes to the IV.
- 3What is an extraneous variable?Extraneous Variables are variables which may have an affect on the DV other than the IV.
- 4What is meant by confounding variables?Confounding variables are variables if not controlled could provide alternative explanations for the change in the DV.
- 5What is causality?This is how one variable influences another. Changes in one variable measured, directly caused changes in the other variable.
- 6What is meant by a directional hypothesis?This predicts the direction of the effect?
- 7What is meant by a non-directional hypothesis?This predicts that the IV will have an effect on the DV but does not specify the direction of the effect.
- 8What is an null hypothesis?This states that there is no relationship between the two variables.
- 9Explain Repeated measures?This involves every participant being exposed to each condition.
-Each participant does a task with the TV on
-A week later, each participant does a task with the TV off - 10Explain Independent groups?Involves different participants in each condition.
-One group does a task with the TV on
-The other group does a task with the TV off - 11Explain Matched Pairs?Participants are matched in each condition as closely as possible based on important variables in the study (gender, age etc.) that could potentially confound the study.
- 12Give 3 advantages of Repeated Measures?-Cheaper
-Less participant variation
-Less time consuming
-less people needed
-easier - 13Give 3 advantages of Independent groups?-No order effects
-Les likely participants will get bored
-Less likely participants will realise the purpose of the experiment - 14Give 3 advantages of Matched Pairs?-No order effects
-Less participant variation
-Similar characteristics - 15Disadvantages of Repeated Measures?-Order effects: participants may do better in first test due to boredom in second test or practice
-Some participants may realise the purpose of the experiment by the second condition and act accordingly - 16How to deal with disadvantages of Repeated Measures?-Keep the study short
-Counter-balancing
-Use different tests but make sure they both measure the same thing
-Cover story to prevent participants from guessing the purpose of the study - 17Disadvantages of Independent groups?-No control over participant variation (ability or characteristics) Participants in one group may have better memories than the other
-Need to recruit more participants than other deisgns - 18How to deal with disadvantages of Independent groups?-Randomly allocate participants to ensure groups are not affected by researcher bias
- 19Disadvantages of Matches pairs design?-Impossible to match all relevant variables
-Time consuming to match participants on key variables - 20How to deal with disadvantages of Matched pairs design?-Conduct a pilot study to consider variables
- 21What is a control group?A group of participants who do not receive the IV.
- 22What is the purpose of a control group?To have a point of comparison, so the researcher can be certain it was the IV that changed the DV.
- 23What is meant by social desirability?When a participant changes their behaviour and acts in a way they believe is desirable to society or the researcher.
- 24What is meant by mundane realism?This is whether the experiment reflects the real world.
- 25What is a pilot study?A small scale study to test for the main study.
- 26What is meant by demand characteristics?When the participant becomes aware of the purpose of the experiment (could be down to a subtle cue from researcher) and therefore changes there behaviour to how they believe the researcher wants them to act.
- 27How could you deal with demand characteristics?Deception- Telling the participants the study is looking at one thing, when it is really looking at something completely different
Double Blind Experiment- Neither the researcher or participants are aware of the hypothesis or condition participants have been assigned - 28What is meant by internal validity?Whether the experiment measured what it intended to measure.
- 29What is meant by external validity?The extend to which you can generalise outside of the experiment.
- 30What is meant by eco-logical validity?Concern of whether findings can be applied to every day life.
- 31What is meant by mundane validity?Whether the study mirrors the real world.
- 32What is meant by general validity?When results can be generalised from an experimental setting to other areas of life.
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