Flashcards
Language Change Terms
Flashcards do conjunto (44)
- 1InflectionAffix told you what the grammatical function/place of the word in a sentence was.
- 2Borrowings/loan wordsWords that we've added to our lexicon from other countries.
- 3BroadeningWords broaden in meaning.
- 4Final eAdding an extra e onto the word e.g: lorde, refreshe
- 5NarrowingWhen a word narrows in meaning for example: mete (meaning food) becomes meat.
- 6VirguleThe use of slashes. They separate the text into chunks acting in a similar (but not very conventional) way to full stops.
- 7NeoclassicismGoing back to classical ideas. This is particularly apparent in the renaissance period where Latin and Greek elements became influential.
- 8PaleologismAn old word dug up and used again.
- 9Elevated dictionMaking things complex and grammatically difficult in order to make yourself sound intellectual. This was particularly apparent in the renaissance period.
- 10Inkhorn termAny foreign borrowing deemed to be unnecessary or overly pretentious, usually from Latin. This was recognised during the renaissance and was an example of prescriptive vs descriptive debate.
- 11Grammatical conversionE.g: noun changes to a verb, such as spoon, due to use of item over time.
- 12PrescriptiveBelief in a correct standard form of language.
- 13DescriptiveYou observe and account for changes but accept that they are inevitable and embrace them.
- 14Sapir Whorf hypothesisLanguage = thought
- 15LexicographerPerson who makes dictionaries.
- 16CodificationThe last stage of a neologism before it enters the language. This is the moment that it's officially written down and used.
- 17Brand names/eponymsNew words from proper nouns e.g: hoover, biro, thermos
- 18CompoundingFormation of new words from free morphemes e.g: airmail, graveyard, paperback
- 19BlendsTwo words squished together, omitting some of the letters in them individually so they wouldn't make sense alone e.g: chortle, smog, spritten (spoken and written), motel
- 20ShorteningsE.g: cab, pub, plane, bra, perm
- 21Back formationsWords invented from an existing word, where the verb is often created from the noun e.g: enthuse (from enthusiasm), liase (from liason), televise (from television
- 22ReduplicativesOften created and used informally. They copy the word but change it slightly e.g: goody-goody, walkie-talkie
- 23AffixationAdding a standard prefix or suffix e.g: unforgiving, unfunny, cannbalise etc.
- 24Nonce wordWord only used temporarily when there is a need for it. It isn't coined or taken on by the language.
- 25Eye-dialectThe way you'd write an accent to force someone to pronounce it
- 26Pidgin languageLinguistically simplistic. Not a mother tongue - a slang language. As it widens across tribes it becomes Creole and can appear unintelligible to outsiders.
- 27Political correctnessLanguage that avoids offence and prejudice. It aims to increase the power, value and credibility of the individual.
- 28Taboo languageLanguage that is deemed to be socially unacceptable within a certain context.
- 29TruncationShortening words e.g: n-word.
- 30AdaptationE.g: sheesh, frik, shitake mushrooms
- 31SubstitutionEuphemisms e.g: it's my time of the month
- 32GrawlixesE.g: f*@k
- 33SlangLexical innovation within a particular cultural context.
- 34CodeswitchingOur ability to switch from register to another seamlessly.
- 35AccomodationAdapting to the audience.
- 36OmissionClipping of a consonant from a word.
- 37AssimilationThe pronunciation of one phoneme is change by an adjacent phoneme e.g: donchu.
- 38Non-standard L vocalisationPronouncing the l-sound in certain positions almost like /w/ so milk bottle becomes miwk bottoo and football = foobaw. The l sounds that are affected are those that are dark in classical RP and are followed by another consonant.
- 39GlotallingUsing a glottal stop instead of a /t/ in certain positions. This isn't the same as omitting /t/ altogether since plate sounds different from play. Authors often show it through spelling e.g: take i' off.
- 40Weak vowelsAitchison saw that people often say erstronomy or merstake.
- 41UptalkA rising intonation even when something isn't a question.
- 42HappY-tensingMaking an ee sound from y e.g: Saturdee.
- 43Yod coalescenceUsing a ch sound instead of tu e.g: Tuesday --> chuesday.
- 44AmericanisationNot just lexical. Changing the stress in words e.g: controversy.
Informações
- Descrição
- A Levels English Language (Language Change) FlashCards sobre Language Change Terms, criado por Hazel Meades em 09-09-2014.
- Criado por
- Hazel Meades
- Visualizações
- 54
- Tags
- Avaliação