Flashcards
Lecture 7: Learning 1
Flashcards do conjunto (18)
- 1What is habituation?Decline in tendency to response to stimuli once it becomes familiar.
1st instance - startled response
2nd instance - reduced startle
3rd instance - hardly any
4th instance - ignored - 2What is classical conditioning?Learning = associations.
Either strengthened or weakening of existing associations.
Change the consequences of actions to try and reinforce desirable behaviours. - 3What was Pavlov's dogs?Dogs salivate when:
Meat placed in mouth, sight of meat, sight of dish, sight of person who brings dish, sound of that person's foot steps.
Ring the bell - dog starts salivation. Associate the bell with being fed. - 4What are conditioned and unconditioned reflexes?Unconditioned:
- Meat placed in mouth - salivation
- No learning needed
- Meat = unconditioned stimulus - leads to UR.
- Saliva = unconditioned response.
Conditioned
- Sound of bell/footsteps - salivation (conditioned response)
Learning needed
Bell - conditioned stimulus
Saliva - conditioned response. - 5What are the relations between CR and UR?The CR and UR seem similar.
When it hears the bell - dog salivates (CR)
When meat is placed in mouth - dog salivated - but they are different. - 6What was Gerevich's case study?Reported case of KJ - 26 year-old male.
First seen in rehab with wife, 1997
Reported to take 1g of heroin a day
Died of overdose, took 0.5g of heroin with wife at home.
Day before took the same amount.
Following day, 0.5g in a subway station toilet.
Confirmed by blood and urine samples.
Lack of body's normal conditioning - he usually injects within his home - specific environment. See a needle, body prepares for injection. However, subway toilet not normal environment, body wasn't preparing in the same way. - 7What is operant/instrumental conditioning?Learning through reinforcement - positive and negative.
Skinner
Action operates on environment to bring about changes linked to consequence.
Reinforce specific behaviour.
Used to train animals to reproduce certain behaviour in order to receive a reward or avoid punishment. - 8What is the law of effect?Responses that are rewarded = strengthened.
Responses that are not rewarded (punished) - weakened.
Animals show learning curves - faster responses following reinforcement. - 9Cognitive learning: Tolman's rats' mazesYou can have latent learning - can learn without needed consequence or association.
Mice in a maze - left them for 10 days - took another mouse and put it in the maze - reward in one area - mouse who was in maze for 10 days - found reward quicker - had learnt the maze e.g. corners.
To see how rats can learn about different spatial locations. - 10What are cognitive views on conditioning?In classical conditioning procedures, animal does not respond to CS in the same was as US.
CS becomes signal that US will follow, animal makes preparations.
Signal needs to occur within close timeframe in classical conditioning. - 11Extinction CurveWeakening of CR.
If CS is no longer leading to CR. - 12ReconditioningLearn the association again - carries on increasing - takes less time to get CR.
- 13GeneralisationGet CR from a similar stimulus
less similar - less liklihood of getting CR. - 14DiscriminationInhibition to CR.
Discriminate between different stimuli. - 15OperantsAction operates on environment to bring about change linked to consequences.
- 16Contiguitymismatch between decay in having signal and recieving the outcome.
- 17contingencylikelihood of something happening given the signal - are they diff noises?
should notice that one particular one happens everytime just before. - 18Blocking effect2 things happen at same time
2nd thing - nothig happens
concentrate on first stimulus.
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- Cognition FlashCards sobre Lecture 7: Learning 1 , criado por Gabriella kiernan em 07-01-2020.
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- Gabriella kiernan
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