39973189
| Questão | Responda |
| -Population | Group of people who live in a territory in a specific moment |
| -Density | Measurement of the number of people in an area. |
| -Demography | Science that studies the human populations (dimension, characteristics, structure and evolution) |
| -Life expectancy | Average of years that a person is expected to live. |
| The global average death rate | Is around 8‰. |
| Generational renewal (Fertility rate) | Is 2.1, below this, the population would decrease. |
| Infant mortality | Is the main human development indicator of countries. |
| -Migrations | Movement of the population from one place to another. |
| -Emigration | Departure of inhabitants |
| -Domestic emigration | Only departures inside the same country |
| -Foreign emigration | Departures to other countries |
| -Immigration | Arrival of persons, |
| -Refugees | People who left their countries and have crossed borders due to wars or political conflicts. |
| Until 19th century | The population increased very slow due to wars, epidemics and famines. |
| Since 20th century | The population increased significantly due to the large advances of the IR, medicine and diets. |
| High density areas | -Temperate zone -River valley -Low-lying strips of land -Coastal areas -Lower elevation |
| Demographic deserts | -Polar region -Desert -Impenetrable forest -Mountain region -High elevation |
| Birth rate: Underdeveloped countries | -Rate: more than 20‰ -Causes: traditions and family principles -Policies: anti-birth policies |
| Birth rate: Developed countries | -Rate: less than 20‰ -Causes: birth control methods and the cost -Policies: pro-birth policies |
| Death rate: Less developed countries | Sometimes epidemics and famines cause deaths, altought there are improvements. |
| Death rate: Developing countries | Longevity of individuals. |
| Causes of population movements | -Wars and political conflicts -Socio-economic causes (main reason) -Demographic diversity |
| Socio-economic causes | Population go from underdeveloped countries to developed countries. |
| Demographic diversity | Underdeveloped countries have high birth rates and low death rates, while developed countries have a decreasing population. This creates demographic pressure, where people from underdeveloped countries travel to the richest ones. |
| Countries where people arrive: Positive factors | -Compensation of the ageing of the population. -Supporting social security. -They are workforce. -Openess to other countries. |
| Countries where people arrive: Negative factors | -Reduction in work available. -Decrease in salaries for less qualified jobs. -Demand for social servicies. -Xenophobic or racist reactions. |
| Countries of origin of immigrants: Positive factors | -Reduces overpopulation -Remittances -Experience and training when they return. |
| Countries of origin of immigrants: Negatice factors | -Family fragmentation -Ageing of the population -Jobs in the host countries are badly paid and less qualified -Different culture |
| Structure by age | -Children and youths: 0-14 years -Adults: 15-64 years -Elderly persons: >65 years |
| Sex | Men and women |
| Triangular or pagoda pyramid | Birth rate: high Death rate: high Life expectancy: short Countries: underdeveloped Main Group: young population Natural growth rate: progressive |
| Bell-shaped pyramind | Birth rate: limited Death rate: low Life expectancy: increasing Countries: developing Main Group: adult Natural growth rate: stagnant |
| Bulb-shaped pyramid | Birth rate: low Death rate: low Life expectancy: increase Countries: developed countries Main Group: ageing Natural growth rate: declining |
| BR (birth rate) | births in one year --------------------------------- x 1000 total population |
| DR (death rate) | deaths in one year --------------------------------- x 1000 total population |
| FR (fertility rate) | Children born in one year --------------------------------------- x 1000 Women between 15 and 49 years |
| IM (infant mortality) | Children who die before the age of 1 ---------------------------------------------------- x 1000 Child who born in that year |
| MB (migratory balance) | Immigrants - Emigrants |
| NG (natural growth) | Number of births - Number of deaths |
| NGR (natural growth rate) | Birth rate - Death rate |
| RG (real growth) | Migratory Balance + Natural Growth |
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