Flashcards
4.6
Flashcards do conjunto (5)
- 1Social learning theory Bandura (1977)Suggested social learning theory as an extension of existing theory (classical & operant conditioning) & is based on the assumption that people learn behaviors, attitudes, emotional reactions & norms through direct experiences and through other human beings (models)
We learn consequences of behavior from watching what happens to others (vicarious reinforcement). Once such information is stored in memory it serves a guide to future actions. People are more likely to initiate behavior that has positive consequences.
Social learning can be direct via instruction or indirect (ex. role models)
Attention(paying attention to the model)
Retention (remembering information)
Reproduction(must have capacity/skill to imitate behavior)
Motivation (must be motivated to imitate behavior, vicarious reinforcement-gatekeepers) - 2Bandura & Ross (1961)Investigated on learning aggression from a same-sex model vs opposite sex model in children. 36 boys and 36 girls from Stanford nursery school mean age 4.4 were divided into 3 groups based on aggression levels prior to the experiment. One group saw aggressive behavior from the model towards the bobo doll, another saw the model assemble toys and the third served as a control. Then the children were further divided into a group that was either same sex or not. They were then taken into with toys and asked not play with them in order to frustrate them and then taken into a room with toys and the bobo doll. children exposed to the aggressive model were significantly more verbally and physically aggressive toward bobo doll and imitated same sex model more. Supports social learning theory as aggressive behavior can be learned through observational learning.
- 3Bandura & Ross (1961) EvalutationAn aggressive model does not equal children becoming aggressive, e.g Charlton et al 2002. Low ecological validity, the aggression here is artificial & there may be demand characteristics, children were very young a very young (ethical?
- 4Charlton et al. (2002)Observation of the introduction of television in a remote community (St. Helena). Aiming to investigate if the children from this community would display more aggressive behaviour after the introduction of television in 1995. Natural experiment and observation, heightening ecological validity. Children aged 3-8 were observed before and after television was introduced as cameras were set up up in two primary school playgrounds. The level of aggression in television material was the same as what children in the UK were exposed to. Interviews were later conducted with teachers, parents and older participant children. Results showed children did not change their behaviour after television was introduced despite seeing same amount of violence as british children.
- 5Charlton et al. (2002) EvalutationParents and teachers said antisocial behavior was not accepted in their community, high degree of social control. Supports theory that behaviours may be learned but not exhibited or imitated since it does not result in positive consequences and there is no motivation. Social and cultural factors thus play a large role in what is acceptable and in what behaviours are showed. High ecological validity. Supports SLT on motivation of behaviour but questions results of Bandura and Ross (1961).
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- Descrição
- High School Diploma Psychology (SLA (HL)) FlashCards sobre 4.6, criado por Emilia Sullivan em 11-05-2017.
- Criado por
- Emilia Sullivan · mai 2017
- Atualizado
- 11 mai 2017
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