Ethics and Philosophy

Anotações:

• - Chastity means not having sex before marriage, a faithfully married couple are an example of this.  - Commitment is a sense of dedication towards someone or something; for example, marriage is a commitment. - Conflict is the stresses and strains in every human relationship; for example arguments between a couple.- Love is a powerful human emotion that brings people together; for example, the love between partners.  - Reconciliation is the apologies and restoration of a friendship after disagreements; for example, reconciliation after a couple split up. - Responsibilities are actions that you are expected to carry out; for example, a parent is responsible for looking after, protecting and caring for their child. 

1. Love and Commitment
   1. Examples of relationships
      1. Pre-marital

         Anotações:

         • A sexual relationship with someone before marriage. Considered immoral until late 20th century. 
      2. Cohabitation

         Anotações:

         • Living together before marriage. A good way to see if a couple is compatible.
      3. Adultery

         Anotações:

         • Considered wrong by almost all because it involves a married person being unfaithful. Commitment, trust and loyalty in the marriage are broken.
      4. Casual

         Anotações:

         • Sex without any commitment. People who have many "One night stands" are considered promiscuous. Many people think they are wrong because it can cause unwanted pregnancies or STIs. They would also argue that sex should be reserved for relationships with commitment.
   2. Love

      Anotações:

      • Eros - physically love between two people Storge - love for things and animalsPhilia - love for friends and familyAgape - Unconditional love for everything and everyone
      1. The Good Samaritan

         Anotações:

         • An example of agape love because it demonstrates unconditional love for a stranger. 
   3. Divorce
      1. Muslim Views

         Anotações:

         • - Adultery is dishonourable.  - Adultery is forbidden by the Qur'an and Shariah law.  - Divorce is only allowed by the Qur'an as a last resort - Remarriage is encouraged.  - "The most detestable act that Allah has permitted is divorce." (The Hadith)
      2. Christian Views

         Anotações:

         • - Divorce is not allowed by the Roman Catholic Church.  - "till death do us part." - However, Jesus taught that love and forgiveness are more important than any rules. 
2. Marriage
   1. Is sex outside marriage ever right?
      1. No

         Anotações:

         • - Unwanted pregnancies would cause children to be brought in non-family environments - Sex should be kep exclusively for marriage because it makes the relationship special
      2. Yes

         Anotações:

         • - Marriage is expensive - Marriage is religious and society is becoming more secular- Commitment can also be shown by things other than marriage such as cohabitation
   2. Is marriage out of date?
      1. Yes

         Anotações:

         • - Marriages are decreasing - Society is becoming more secular and marriage is religious - Many people cohabit because marriage is too expensive
      2. No

         Anotações:

         • - Christians believe marriage is a sacrament - Christians believe marriage is the perfect basis on which to start a family - Muslims believe marriage is essential for a family
3. Religious Views
   1. Muslim
      1. Chastity

         Anotações:

         • - Muslims believe is complete chastity and that sex outside marriage is wrong.  - Islam sees no value in a life without sex, all Muslims are encouraged to marry and, if their partner dies, remarry. 
      2. Sex outside marriage and cohabitation

         Anotações:

         • - Sex outside marriage is wrong because marriage is vital for building a family - Cohabitation is wrong because it encourages pre-marital sex. - Promiscuity is wrong.
      3. Adultery

         Anotações:

         • - Adultery is wrong.  - A husband and wife must be faithful - Adultery breaks commitment and families - The Qur'an says, "When a husband and wife share intimacy it is rewarded, just as they would be punished if they had engaged in illicit sex".
   2. Christian
      1. Chastity

         Anotações:

         • - Roman Catholics, Methodists and Evangelical Protestants believe in complete chastity.  - Roman Catholic priests and monks do not marry, living lives of permanent chastity so that they can devote all of their energy to God.
      2. Pre-marital sex

         Anotações:

         • - Nonconformists believe that pre-marital sex is acceptable between a couple who plan to get married. 
      3. Cohabitation

         Anotações:

         • - The Church of England accept that many people cohabit but also believe marriage is the correct environment for sex and bringing up children. 
      4. Promiscuity

         Anotações:

         • - Promiscuity is wrong because it doesn't involve commitment and it implies objectification. 
      5. Adultery

         Anotações:

         • - Adultery is wrong.  - A husband and wife must be faithful.  - Adultery breaks commitment and families.  - The Bible says, "Thou shalt not commit adultery." 

Anotações:

• - Authority is power over other people; for example, Jesus had authority over his disciples.  - Discrimination is treating one group of people differently to another, sexism for example.  - Equality is the idea of everyone being treated equally; for example, the civil rights movement fought for equality.  - Identity is a sense of personality and uniqueness, for example  - Injustice is a lack of fairness in society, for example wage inequality.  - Prejudice is judging someone based on something other than their personality or actions, generalisation and stereotypes are examples of this. 

1. Equality
   1. Homosexuality
      1. Islam
      2. Christianity

         Anotações:

         • - "... homosexual perverts... none of these will possess God's kingdom" St Paul - Gay people cannot get married in Church. - "There is neither Jew nor Gentile, neither slave nor free, nor there male and female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus." St Paul
   2. Racism
      1. Christianity

         Anotações:

         • "Created in the image of God" - The Bible
      2. Islam

         Anotações:

         • "All people are equal... as the teeth of a comb." - The Qur'an
      3. Why

         Anotações:

         • - Bad experiences - Feel superior (stupid) - Upbringing - Lack of knowledge (and intelligence)
   3. Media

      Anotações:

      • - "It is wrong for newspapers to buy stories from criminals" [4] - "The media does nothing but cause trouble in our society" [4] - This could also be an [8]
      1. Positive

         Anotações:

         • - Has encouraged breast cancer checks because of celebs - Informs people
      2. Negative

         Anotações:

         • - Has enforced stereotypes in the past, ie. sexism and ageism - Can cause children to become violent - Has enforced unnecessary dieting
      3. Social

         Anotações:

         • - Cyberbullying - Anxiety
2. Wealth and responsibility
   1. Wants and needs
      1. Needs

         Anotações:

         • - Necessary for healthy life - If you don't have these, you are in poverty
      2. Wants

         Anotações:

         • - Not necessary for healthy life
      3. Money

         Anotações:

         • - We need a small amount of money to live healthily - Too much money involves greed and wants
   2. Wealth
      1. Christianity

         Anotações:

         • - The Widow's Mite - "It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for someone who is rich to enter the kingdom of God" - Jesus
      2. Islam

         Anotações:

         • "Riches are sweet, and a source of blessing for him who acquires them by the way" The Hadith
3. Injustice and prejudice
   2. Characters
      1. Archbishop Oscar Romero

         Anotações:

         • - Spoke out about injustices against the poor in Latin America - Assassinated by government at 62
      2. Malcolm X

         Anotações:

         • - Son of a Baptist minister - Converted to Islam - Fought against injustice against black people in America - Assassinated in 1965
      3. Archbishop Desmond Tutu

         Anotações:

         • - Campaigned against racial injustice in South Africa
      4. Mother Teresa

         Anotações:

         • - A nun who saved children - Dedicated her life for good cause
      5. Martin Luther King Jr

         Anotações:

         • - "I have a dream [of equality]  - Pacifist, arrested, bus boycotting - Fought against segragation

1. Death and afterlife
2. God
   1. Response

      Anotações:

      • People respond to God by: - Belonging to a community - Worshipping and praying - Doing good deeds - Serving other - Going on pilgrimage - Reading holy books
   2. Experience

      Anotações:

      • People experience God by: - Revelation - Awe - Miracles - Upbringing - Prayer

1. Creation
   1. Christian
      1. Creationism

         Anotações:

         • - Earth was created in 7 x 24 hours - Genesis is exactly correct - Big Bang is just a theory
      2. Non-literalists
   2. Muslim
2. Sanctity of Life