Attachment

Attachment

1. Definition: an emotional bond between two people in which each seeks closeness and feels secure in the presence of the other

2. Interactional synchrony

   • The interaction between caregiver and infant in which they both copy each others actions

3. Reciprocity

   • A two was "conversation" between infant and caregiver in which they respond to each others actions

4. Internal working model

   • Early attachments provide a template for later relationships
   • A model of how you and others are likely to behave

5. Conditioning

   • Operant: learning through reinforcement
   • Classical: learning through association

6. Stages of attachment

   • 0-6 weeks- asocial: infants cannot recognise objects from people
   • 6 weeks-7 months- indiscriminate: infants can distinguish people from objects but have not made an attachment
   • 7 months+ discriminate: infants have formed one main attachment and they look for comfort in particular people
   • after 7 months, infants are able to form multiple attachments

7. Attachment types

   • Secure
   • Insecure avoidant
   • Insecure resistant

8. Bowlby's monotropy theory

   • attachment is key to a childs survival
   • one main attachment, usually to the mother
   • attachment has to happen in the critical period
     • the critical period is from 0-2 1/2 years
   • role of the father
     • the father usually takes up the playmate role. Infants usually prefer contact with their father as they take more risks when playing

9. Deprivation

   • the loss of an emotional care that is normally provided by the primary care giver
   • effects
     • Reduced intelligence
     • Increased aggression
     • Depression
     • Affectionless psychopathology

10. Institutionalisation

    • the effect of institutional care. It focuses on the time spent in the institution
    • Effetcs
      • Social underdevelopment
      • Mental underdevelopment
      • Physical underdevelopment