MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

1. Chromatin Structure

   • Heterochromatin
     • DNA methylation
     • Histone methylation
     • Histone acetylation
   • Euchromatin
     • Increased istone acetylation
     • Some histone methylation

2. Nucleotides

   • Purines
     • De novo sythesis
     • Purine Salvage
   • Pyrimidines
     • De novo synthesis

3. Genetic code features

   • Unambiguous
   • Degenerate / redundant
   • Commaless, nonoverlaping
   • Universal

4. DNA replication

5. DNA Repair

   • Double strand
     • Nucleotide excision repair
     • Base excision repair
     • Mismatch repair
   • Single strand
     • Nonhomologous end joining
     • Homologous recombination

6. Mutations in DNA

   • Single nucleotide mutations
     • Transition
     • Transversion
   • Single nucleotide substitution
     • Silent mutation
     • Missense mutation
     • Nonsense mutation
   • Other mutations
     • Frameshift mutation
     • Splice site mutation

7. Gene expression

   • Lac operon
   • Functional organization of a gene
   • Regulation of gene expression

8. Transcription

   • RNA processing
   • RNA polymerases
     • Eukaryotes
     • Prokaryotes
   • Splicing of pre-mRNA
   • Introns vs exons

9. Translation

   • tRNA
     • Structure
     • Charging
   • Start - stop codons
   • Protein synthesis
     • Initiation
     • Elongation
     • Termination
   • Posttranslational modifications
     • Trimming
     • Covalent alterations
   • Chaperone proteins