Quiz
Clinical Pathology (301-400) MCQs- Year 4 PMU
Perguntas do quiz (100)
1Parenchymal jaundice is characterized by the following laboratory findings
- Aincreased indirect bilirubin in the serum, hypercholic stools and increased urobilinogen in the urine
- Bboth types of bilirubin are increased in the serum, normal colour of the stocks, both bilirubin and urobilinogen are increased in the urine
- Cincreased direct bilirubin in the serum, hypocholic or acholic stools, increased bilirubin in the urine
- Dnone of the above
2What is the common between fibrosis, sclerosis and cirrhosis?
- Athe common is the increased development of connective tissue in the organ
- Bthe common is the lipid accumulation in the interstitium of the organ
- Cthe common is the fibrinoid degeneration of the organ
- Dthey are different processes and don’t have anything common between them
3What is the clinical significance of hyalinosis of the pancreatic arteroles?
- Ait can cause diabetes mellitus
- Bit can cause pancreatic cancer
- Cit can cause acute pancreatitis
- Dhyalinosis in the pancreas is a physiological process related with ageing
4Which stain is used to prove rheumatism in acute stage in a heart valve?
- APrussian Blue
- BToluidin-Blue
- CCongo-Red
- DPerls
5Mucoid swelling can be seen in
- AHeart valves in rheumatism
- BBasedow’s dermopathy
- CMyxedema
- DAll of the listed above
6The necrosis which develops at the base of an acute or chronic active ulcer in the stomach or duodenum is
- Acoagulative
- Bcaseous
- Cfibrinoid
- Dliquefactive
7Indicate the correct statement(s) for nephrosclerosis arteriolosclerotica
- Ait affects microscopically the afferent and efferent arterioles
- Bit is a result of prolonged benign hypertention
- Cit is a reversible process
- Dthe process is hyalinosis
8What are the microscopic changes seen in the brain in benign long-term hypertension?
- Ahyalinosis of the vessels’ walls
- Bedema around vessels
- Caccumulation of lymphocytes and plasma cells in the soft brain membranes
- Ddevelopments of specific granulomas in the brain tissue
9The gross description: thick, hard, glassy whitish depositions, non-digestable by enzymes, is indicative for
- Asteatonecrosis
- Bliquefactive necrosis
- Chyalinosis
- Dfibrinoid deposition
10The following diseases are examples of amyloid depositions. Find the mistake!
- ARheumatoid arthritis - AA amyloid
- BMultiple myeloma - AL amyloid
- CMedullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland - AA amyloid
- DAlzheimer’s disease - A4 amyloid
11‘Sago spleen and lardaceous spleen’ are
- Agross appearance of the localized (sago-spleen)and generalized (lardaceous spleen) amyloidosis of the spleen
- Bsago spleen is amyloidosis of the spleen, while lardaceous spleen is hyalinosis of the spleen
- Cgross appearance of the spleen in Hodgkin’s lymphoma depending on the severity of the process
- Din lardaceous spleen the amyloid is deposited in the white pulp only, while in sago spleen both white and red pulp have amyloid deposition
12Systemic amyloidosis is proven by a biopsy from?
- Agingiva
- Bheart
- Cfat tissue from abdominal wall
- Dileum
13What type of calcification develops in the complicated atherosclerotic plaques?
- Ametastatic
- Bdystrophic
- Cmetabolic
- Dphysiological
14Which are the causes for hypocalcaemia?
- Ahypoparathyroidism
- Bhyperparathyroidism
- Cintoxication with vit. D
- Dsenile osteoporosis
15What kind of gout can develop in a patient with leucemia?
- Agout caused by excessive consumption of meat and meat products
- Bgenetic gout caused by error in the metabolism of uric acid
- Crenal injury because kidneys cannot excrete the excessive amount of uric acid
- Dpatients with leucosis never develop gout
16Which of the following microscopic descriptions most likely suggest kidney amyloidosis? The stain is H-E in all the described specimens
- Ahighly enlarged glomeruli, the capillary tufts filled almost all of the capsular space, capillary lumens are obliterated; pink homogeous substance is deposited also in the mesangium, in the basement membranes of the tubules and in the walls of the blood vessels
- Bafferent and efferent arterioles have homogenously thick walls stained in pink, some of the glomeruli look smaller, with totally effaced structure and homogenously pink in color, while others may look normal in size, or even with compensatory hypertrophy
- Cthe interstitium shows chronic inflammatory reaction, the main change is seen in the kidney tubules which look dilated and filled with pinkish substance (these tubules look like thyroid follicles)
- Dmany glomeruli show crescent proliferations, encompassing 2/3 f the Bowman's space; the process ends with global sclerosis of the gomerulus
17Which of the following stain(s) is used to prove amyloidosis?
- APerls
- BCongo-Red
- CVan Gieson
- DMethyl violet
18Mark the correct statement(s) for kidney alymoidosis
- Asmall, shrunken kidneys with granular surface and difficult decapsulation
- Benlarged pale kidneys with waxy texture
- Camyloidosis affects only one of the kidneys and doesn’t lead to chronic renal failure
- Dkidney amyloidosis is reversible after the treatment of the primary disease and has very good prognosis
19Granulomatous structures, consisting of uric acid crystals, lymphocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts and giant multinucleated cells type “foreign body” are characteristic for which disease?
- Atuberculosis
- Bsarcoidosis
- Cgout
- Dbrucellosis
20Calcification of the aorta characterizes with
- Ahard, rigid wall of the aorta
- Bsoft, elastic wall of the aorta
- Ccan be complicated with mural thrombosis and aneurysm
- Dis a result of metabolic calcification
21Renal complications of gout include
- AUric crystals nephrolithiasis
- BUric-acid infarction
- CUrate nephropathy
- DAll of the listed above
22What type of necrosis develops in the specific granuloma in tuberculosis?
- Aliquefactive necrosis
- Bcoagulative necrosis
- Ccaseous necrosis
- Dsteatonecrosis
23Which of the following terms are used to describe liquefactive necrosis of the brain?
- Aramolicio cerebri
- Bencephalomalacia
- Cinfarctus anemicus cerebri
- Dhydrocephalus
24 What type of necrosis develops in the pancreas?
- Asteatonecrosis/fat necrosis
- Bcoagulative necrosis
- Cliquefactive necrosis
- Dcaseous necrosis
25What type of necrosis develops in the specific granuloma in tuberculosis?
- Aliquefactive necrosis
- Bcoagulative necrosis
- Ccaseous necrosis
- Dsteatonecrosis
26Indicate the correct statement(s) for dyspasia
- Ait is a process of disordered cellular development
- Bit can develop in soft tissues
- Cit can develop in tissues of epithelial origin
- Dit is an adaptive process
27Corpora amylacea can be seen microscopically in?
- Athe glands of uterine mucosa
- Bthe glands of prostate
- Cthe kidney’s convoluted tubules
- Dthe follicles of thyroid gland
28How does the hypertrophic myocardium look like grossly?
- Aenlarged in size
- Bsmaller in size
- Cpapillary muscles are hypertrophic
- Dincreased heart weight
29Hyperplasia of the endometrium can be
- Adirect and indirect
- Btypical and atypical
- Cwith formation of cysts or with formation of pseudo-cysts
- Ddiffuse and localized
30What are the complications of prostate hyperplasia?
- Aurinary retention, frequent urinary tract infections
- Bsexual dysfunction
- Ctransitional cell carcinoma
- Dhydronephrosis
31Which is the main complication after squamous metaplasia of the respiratory bronchial epithelium?
- Asquamous carcinoma of the bronchus
- Bchronic bronchitis
- Csmall-cell carcinoma
- Dadenocarcinoma of the bronchus
32Epistaxis and melena are examples for
- Aedema
- Bexudate
- Chaemorrhages
- Dvenous congestion
33What is hemascos?
- Ablood in the urine
- Bblood in the peritoneal cavity
- Cblood in the excrement
- Dblood vomiting
34What is hematemesis?
- Ablood vomiting
- Bblood in the excrements
- Cnose bleeding
- Dbleeding from the lungs
35What is hemoptoe
- Ableeding from the nose
- Bbleeding from the lungs
- Cblood vomiting
- Dblood in the pleural cavity
36Which of the following liver changes is reversible?
- Aliver cirrhosis
- Bliver cyanosis
- Cnutmeg liver
- Dliver amyloidosis
37Pin-point hemorrhages in the brain have usually the following pathogenesis
- Aper diapedesin
- Bper rhexin
- Cper diabrosin
- Dall of the above
38Can thrombosis develop after death?
- Ayes, this is why we can see blood clots in the vessels after death
- Bno, thrombosis is a pathological process which develops only during lifetime
- Cit can develop both during life and after death
- Dit develops in the agony preceding death
39What is characteristic for the post-mortem blood clot?
- Adry, crumbly, layered structure
- Bmoist, homogenous structure
- Cattached to the vessel’s wall
- Dunattached to the vessel’s wall
40Indicate types of embolism depending on the content of embolus
- Agas, air, amniotic
- Bthromboembolism, fat embolism
- Carterial, venous
- Dorthograde, retrograde, paradoxal
41Indicate types of embolism according to the way of blood flow
- Agas, air, thromboembolism, amniotic, fat, parasite
- Borthograde, retrograde
- Carterial, venous
- Dparadoxical
42Indicate types of embolism according to the character of the obturated blood vessel
- Athromboembolism, amniotic, fat, gas, air embolism
- Barterial
- Cvenous
- Dorthograde, retrograde, paradoxical
43Is it possible to prevent embolism?
- Ano, it is something we cannot control or prevent
- Byes, by using anticoagulants
- Cyes, by exercise in bed ridden patient and early getting up from bed after operation
- Dyes, by staying in bed without moving after operation
44In which organ hemorrhagic infarction can develop?
- Ain organs with nutritive and functional blood circulation
- Bin organs with nutritive circulation only
- Cin organs with many anastomoses
- Dhemorrhagic infarction can develop in any organ
45Indicate the organ(s) where hemorrhagic infarction is possible
- Aliver
- Bheart
- Clung
- Dintestine
46How can we prove amniotic embolism?
- Amicroscopically, by finding amniotic fluid in the left heart ventricle
- Bgrossly, by finding amniotic fluid in the right heart ventricle
- Cmicroscopically, by finding amniotic particles such as lanugo, meconium etc. in the lungs
- Dgrossly, by finding amniotic particles in the lungs
47Why does gas embolism develop?
- Abecause of the dissolution of blood gases, especially azotic oxide, caused by fast decompression
- Bbecause of the dissolution of blood gases, especially type caused by fast compression
- Cbecause the negative pressure of the opened blood vessels on the neck and head can lead to air entry
- Dbecause the positive pressure of the opened blood vessels on the neck and head can lead to air entry
48 What is needed for the development of hemorrhagic infarction the lung?
- Adouble circulation of the lung
- Bthrombosis of a branch of a. broncialis
- Cthrombosis of a branch of a. pulmonalis
- Dchronic venous stagnation
49What is the most common cause for the development of anemic infarction of the brain?
- Athrombosis or embolism of a. cerebri anterior
- Bthrombosis or embolism of a. cerebri media
- Cthrombosis or embolism of a. cerebri posterior
- Dthrombosis or embolism of a. basillaris
50What is the gross appearance of a previous anemic infarction of the brain?
- Afresh liquefactive necrosis
- Bbrain cyst
- Cbrain pseudocyst
- Dirregular red-coloured area
51Indicate the correct statements
- Agangrene of the appendix and gangrenous appendicitis are synonyms of one same disease
- Bsevere inflammation in gangrenous appendicitis leads to necrosis, while in gangrene of the appendix the necrosis is ischemic
- Cgangrene of the appendix means necrosis of the appendix while gangrenous appendicitis means severe purulent inflammation of the appendix without necrosis
- Dinflammation in gangrenous appendicitis is a primary process, while in gangrene the inflammation is secondary after the necrosis
52The gross appearance “Ribbon-like fibrin deposits on the pericardium” describes
- Achronic pericarditis
- Bfibrinous myocarditis
- Cfibrinous pericarditis
- Dacute pericarditis
53Which are the cells that infiltrate the whole thickness of the appendix in phlegmonous appendicitis?
- Alymphocytes and plasma cells
- Bbasophils
- Cneutrophils
- Dgiant multinucleated cells
54What is typical for purulent lepto-meningitis?
- Ahyperemic vessels, infiltration of the soft brain membranes by lymphocytes
- Bhyperemic vessels, infiltration of the soft brain membranes by neutrophils
- Cyellow-green exudate seen usually on the convex side of the brain
- Dclear cerebro-spinal fluid
55Hydatid cysts affect most commonly
- Athe brain
- Bthe heart
- Cthe spleen
- Dthe liver
56Which is the second most commonly affected organ by hydatid cysts?
- Abrain
- Bliver
- Clung
- Dkidney
57The following description indicates: Focal aggregates in the form of nodules of cells with phagocytic ability. The diameter of these nodules is no more than 1-2mm, in many cases they are seen only microscopically
- Agranulomas
- Bmetastases
- Cpolyps
- Dgranulation tissue
58What type of necrosis develops in the tuberculous granuloma?
- Acaseous necrosis
- Bliquefactive necrosis
- Ccoagulative necrosis
- Dfibrinoid necrosis
59Which of the following cells are seen in tuberculomas?
- AGiant cells type Langhans
- BEpitheloid cells
- CTuton giant cells
- DLymphocytes
60The giant cells type Langhans are derived from
- Amacrophages
- Bepitheloid cells
- Clymphocytes
- Dmonocytes
61Which giant cells have specific peripheral arrangement of the nuclei like horse-shoe?
- ATuton giant cells
- BForeign body giant cells
- CLanghans giant cells
- DNone of the above
62In which stage of syphilis do the specific luetic granulomas develop?
- Afirst
- Bsecond
- Cthird
- Dthey develop in all stages
63What type of necrosis develops in luetic granulomas?
- Aclay-like
- Bcaseus
- Cliquefactive
- Dcoagulative
64What type of necrosis develops in the cat-scratch disease?
- Acaseous
- Bcoagulative
- Cliquefactive
- Dgummous
65Mark the correct answer(s) about actinomycosis
- Ahas three stages of development
- Bhas cervical, abdominal and thoracic forms
- Cgrossly, granular substance might be seen in the pus
- Dgrossly, rubbery lesions with central necrosis are seen in the affected organs
66Mark the correct diagnosis according to the following microscopic description of a granuloma.
Lack of necrosis, abundance of epitheloid cell, Langhans cells, collagen fibres, Shaumann bodies- Atuberculosis
- Bsarcoidosis
- Crheumatism
- Dsyphilis
67Mark the correct diagnosis according to the following microscopic description of a grauloma:
Gummous necrosis, surrounded by epitheloid cells, single Langhans cells, abundance of plasma cells, less lymphocytes, fibroblasts- Atuberculosis
- Bsarcoidosis
- Crheumatism
- Dsyphilis
68The sulfur granule is characteristic for
- Atuberculosis
- Bfelinosis
- Cactinomycosis
- Dleprosy
69Mark the correct diagnosis according to the following microscopic description of a granuloma. Fibrinoid necrosis, surrouned by abundant lymphocytes, plasma cells, many cells of Anichkov and pathognomonic cells of Aschoff
- Atuberculosis
- Brheumatoid arthritis
- Csyphilis
- Drheumatism
70What histological changes could be seen in thyroid in Hashimoto thyroiditis
- Aunchanged
- Binfiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells
- Cfibrosis
- Dformation of lymph follicles
71The histological changes in Hashimoto thyroiditis affect
- Aentire thyroid gland
- Bmarkedly focal
72The thyroid follicles in Hashimoto thyroiditis are
- Aunchanged
- Bdilated
- Cpolymorphous
- Dsmaller
73What is hyper-granulation?
- Amature connective tissue
- Bhypertrophic tumor-like cicatrix/scar
- Cgreater amount of granulation tissue
- Dnone of the above
74What Is a scar?
- Ahypertrophic granulation tissue
- Bmature connective tissue
- Chypertrophic tumor-like cicatrix
- Dnone of the above
75What is a keloid?
- Ahypertrophic tumor-like cicatrix
- Bmature connective tissue
- Cgreater amount of granulation tissue
- Dnone of the above
76Which stain can be used to prove of scarring (cicatrix) of the heart?
- AVan Gieson
- BPerls
- CCongo Red
- DPAS
77Which of the following could not be seen in rheumatoid nodules?
- AFibrinoid necrosis
- BEpitheloid cells
- CLanghans cells
- DLymphocytes
78Indicate the correct statement(s) for the polyarteriitis nodosa
- Ait is an autoimmune disease
- Bit affects mostly the elastic arteries
- Cthere is accumulation of glucosaminoglycans in the vessel walls which can be demonstrated with metachromasia with Toluidin Bleu
- Dthe branches of the pulmonary arteries are affected
79Anaphylactic hypersensitivity reactions are related to
- AHemolytic anemia
- BHashimoto thyroiditis
- CAllergic rhinitis
- DBronchial asthma
80Cytotoxic hypersensitivity reactions are related to
- AHashimoto thyroiditis
- BHemolytic anemia
- CAllergic rhinitis
- DNodosal poyarteriitis
81Immune complexes mediated hypersensitivity reactions are related to
- Apolyartheriitis nodosa
- Brheumatoid arthritis
- Chemolytic anemia
- Dtuberculosis
82Cell mediated hypersensitivity reactions are related to
- ATuberculosis
- BPolyarteriitis nodosa
- CBronchial asthma
- DHashimoto thyroiditis
83Which is the most common way of metastasizing of epithelial tumors?
- Aby lymphatics (lymphogenic metastases)
- Bwith blood (hematogenic metastases)
- Cby cerebrospinal fluid
- Dnone of the above
84What is papilloma?
- Amalignant tumor of the covering epithelium
- Bbenign tumor of glandular epithelium
- Cbenign tumor of cover type epithelium
- Dbenign soft tissue tumor
85Indicate the correct characteristic(s) for papilloma
- Ait has tree-like stroma covered by differentiated stratified squamous epithelium
- Bit has tree-like stroma covered by undifferentiated squamous epithelium with signs of cell atypia
- Cstroma and parenchyma are difficult to distinguish
- Dit doesn’t have a capsule
86What is the term used for malignant tumors of cover type epithelium?
- Aadenocarcinoma
- Bpapilloma
- Ccarcinoma
- Dsarcoma
87What is the term used for malignant tumors of glandular type epithelial origin?
- Aadenocarcinoma
- Badenoma
- Ccarcinoma
- Dcarcino-adenoma
88What is the term used for benign tumors of glandular type epithelial origin?
- Apapilloma
- Badenoma
- Cteratoma
- Dadenocarcinoma
89Point the correct statement(s) about basal cell carcinoma
- Ait develops only on the skin
- Bit can develop at any place with squamous epithelium
- Cit characterizes with early lymphogenic and hematogenic metastases
- Dvery often it recurs at the same place after surgery
90Keratinized squamous cell carcinoma
- Adevelops only on the skin
- Bcan develop at any place with squamous epithelium
- Cis highly undifferenciated malignant tumor
- Dis a tumor composed of more differenciated cells with keratin production
91What kind of structures are the cancer perls?
- Aaccumulation of keratin produced by more differentiated malignant cells originating from squamous epithelium
- Bpink-coloured homogenous substance located in the centre of the tumor nests
- Caccumulation of mucus produced by highly undifferentiated malignant cells located in the centre of the tumor nests
- Dpink homogenous substance that accumulates in the stroma of the tumor
92The gross appearance of which tumor is called “ulcus rodens”?
- Asquamous cell carcinoma
- Bmelanoma
- Cbasal cell carcinoma
- Dadenocarcinoma
93Squamous cell carcinoma develops in the lung after
- Aacute bronchitis
- Bchronic bronchitis accompanied by metaplasia
- Cbronchial asthma
- Dinhalaton of a foreign body
94Papillary carcinoma of the urinary bladder arises from
- Asquamous epithelium
- Btransitional epithelium
- Cglandular epithelium
- Dsmooth musculature
95What is carcinoma in situ?
- Amalignant tumor limited to the epithelium above the basal membrane
- Bmalignant tumor destroying the basal membrane but spreading no more than 5mm below it
- Cbenign tumor limited to the basal membrane
- Dbenign tumor of a great size compressing the surrounding tissues
96Which staining is used for proving mucus production from gelatinous adenocarcinoma?
- ACongo red
- BToluidin bleu, metachromasia is demonstrated
- CPAS reaction with amylase control
- DVan Gieson
97Pericanalicular and intracanalicular are types of
- ADuctal carcinoma of the breast
- BPaget’s disease
- CRenal cell carcinoma
- DFibroadenoma
98Kruckenberg tumors are
- Ametastases from colon adenocarcinoma in the ovaries
- Bmetastases from pancreatic adenocarcinoma in the ovaries
- Cmetastases from gastric carcinoma in the ovaries
- Dmetastases from hepatocellular carcinoma in the ovaries
99Pleomorphic adenoma could be seen mainly
- Ain the parotid gland
- Bin the minor salivary glands
- Cin the stomach
- Din the thyroid gland
100Indicate the correct statements about fibroadenoma of the breast
- Acapsulated and lobulated tumor
- Bnon-capsulated malignant tumor with invasive growth
- Cmicroscopically it has two types - intracanalicular and pericanalicular
- Dseen in older women
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- Masters Pathoanatomy Quiz sobre Clinical Pathology (301-400) MCQs- Year 4 PMU, criado por Med Student em 15-01-2019.
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- Med Student
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