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Antibiotics
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1the classes of beta lactam antibiotics are [blank_start]natural[blank_end], [blank_start]semi-synthetic[blank_end] and [blank_start]synthetic[blank_end]
- Anatural
- Bsemi synthetic
- Csynthetic
2natural penicillins include [blank_start]pen V (PO)[blank_end] and [blank_start]pen G (IV)[blank_end]. it's spectrum is for most [blank_start]strep[blank_end], [blank_start]Neisseria[blank_end]. [blank_start]G+ anaerobes[blank_end], [blank_start]enterococcus[blank_end].
- Apen V (PO)
- Bpen G (IV)
- Cstrep
- DNeisseria
- EG+ anaerobes
- Fenterococcus
3natural penicillins are used for [blank_start]pnumonia[blank_end], [blank_start]endocarditis[blank_end], [blank_start]skin and soft tissue infections[blank_end]
- Apneumonia
- Bendocarditis
- Cskin and soft tissue infections
4[blank_start]cloxacilin[blank_end] is a semi synthetic penicillin with a SOA that is the same as natural except it adds [blank_start]S. aureus[blank_end] and loses [blank_start]enterococcus and listeria.[blank_end] its CI is for [blank_start]resp infections, UTI, endocarditis[blank_end], meningitis
- Acloxacillin
- Bs aureus
- Centerococcus and listeria
- Dall infections except
5synthetic penicillins include [blank_start]aminopenicillins[blank_end] like [blank_start]ampicillin (IV)[blank_end] and [blank_start]amoxicillin(PO)[blank_end] and [blank_start]ureidopenicillins[blank_end] like [blank_start]piperacillin[blank_end]
- Aaminopens
- Bamoxicillin (PO)
- Campicillin (IV)
- Dureidopens
- Epiperacillin
6aminopens have the same SOA as natural significant plus for [blank_start]enterococcus[blank_end] and [blank_start]listeria[blank_end], and plus for [blank_start]h. influ[blank_end], [blank_start]e.coli,[blank_end] [blank_start]p mirabilis[blank_end]. Its CI are [blank_start]resp infections,[blank_end] [blank_start]UTI[blank_end], [blank_start]endocarditis[blank_end] and [blank_start]meningitis[blank_end]
- Aenterococcus
- Blisteria
- Ch influ
- De coli
- Ep mirabilis
- Fresp infections,
- GUTI
- Hendocarditis
- Imeningitis
7ureidopens have SOA same as [blank_start]amionpens[blank_end] plus [blank_start]pseudo[blank_end], with CI same as [blank_start]aminopen[blank_end] + [blank_start]intrabdominal infections[blank_end]
- Aaminopens
- Bpseudo
- Caminopens
- Dintra abdo infections
8all cephalosporins have NO [blank_start]enterococcus[blank_end] or [blank_start]listeria[blank_end] activity
- Aenterococcus
- Blisteria
9[blank_start]cefazolin(IV)[blank_end] and [blank_start]cephalexin (PO)[blank_end] are 1st gen cephalosporins. They have SOA on [blank_start]s aureus[blank_end] [blank_start]s pneumo[blank_end] [blank_start]p mirabilis[blank_end], [blank_start]e coli[blank_end], [blank_start]klebsiella[blank_end] and [blank_start]other strep[blank_end]. Its CI are any infection except [blank_start]meningitis[blank_end]
- Acefazolin(IV)
- Bcephalexin (PO)
- Cs aureus
- Ds pneumo
- Ep mirabilis
- Fe coli
- Gklebsiella
- Hother strep
- Imeningitis
10[blank_start]cefuroxime[blank_end] is a [blank_start]2nd gen[blank_end] cephalosporin. Its SOA is same as [blank_start]1st[blank_end] gen and includes [blank_start]h influ[blank_end] [blank_start]e aero[blank_end] and [blank_start]neisseria[blank_end]. its CI are [blank_start]head/neck infections[blank_end], [blank_start]resp infections[blank_end], [blank_start]bites[blank_end]
- Acefuroxime
- B2nd gen
- C1st
- Dh influ
- Ee aero
- Fneisseria
- Ghead/neck infections
- Hresp infections
- Ibites
11[blank_start]ceftriaxone[blank_end], [blank_start]cefixime[blank_end], [blank_start]ceftazidime[blank_end], [blank_start]cefotaxime[blank_end] are all examples of [blank_start]3rd gen[blank_end] cephs. their SOA is same as [blank_start]2nd[blank_end] gen + [blank_start]pseudo[blank_end]. [blank_start]ceftazidime[blank_end] however has no [blank_start]strep[blank_end] coverage and low [blank_start]s aureus[blank_end] coverage
Its CI are [blank_start]pneumonia[blank_end] [blank_start]meningitis[blank_end] [blank_start]pyelonephritis[blank_end] and [blank_start]endocarditis[blank_end] and uncomplicated gonorrhoea ([blank_start]cefixime[blank_end])- Aceftriaxone
- Bcefixime
- Cceftazidime
- Dcefotaxime
- E3rd gen
- F2nd
- Gpseudo
- Hceftazidime
- Istrep
- Js aureus
- Kpneumonia
- Lmeningitis
- Mpyelonephritis
- Nendocarditis
- Ocefixime
12the four classes of beta lactams are [blank_start]penicillins[blank_end] [blank_start]cephalosporins[blank_end] [blank_start]carbapenems[blank_end] and [blank_start]monobactam[blank_end] ([blank_start]aztrenoam[blank_end])
- Aaztrenoam
- Bmonobactam
- Ccephalosporins
- Dcarbapenems
- Epenicillins
13[blank_start]imipenem[blank_end] [blank_start]meropenem[blank_end] and [blank_start]ertapenem[blank_end] are [blank_start]carbapenems[blank_end]. imipenem has better [blank_start]g+[blank_end] coverage and must be administered w/ [blank_start]renal dehydropeptidase (cilastatin)[blank_end]. Meropenem has better [blank_start]g-[blank_end] coverage icl [blank_start]pseudo[blank_end] and [blank_start]ESBLs[blank_end]. ertapenem has no [blank_start]enterococcus[blank_end] or [blank_start]pseudo[blank_end] activity. they are all usedul for empiric treatment of [blank_start]nosocomial infections[blank_end] and definitive treatment of [blank_start]ESBL infections[blank_end]
- Aimipenem
- Bmeropenem
- Certapenem
- Dcarbapenems
- Eg+
- Frenal dehydropeptidase (cilastatin)
- Gg-
- Hpseudo
- IESBLs
- Jenterococcus
- Kpseudo
- Lnosocomial infections
- MESBL infections
14aztrenoam is useful for [blank_start]aerobic g-[blank_end] incl [blank_start]ESBLs[blank_end]. they inhibit [blank_start]PBP3[blank_end]. they are safe for [blank_start]pen allergy[blank_end]
- Aaerobic g-
- BESBLs
- CPBP3
- Dpen allergy
15[blank_start]vancomycin[blank_end] is a glycopeptide antiobiotic. that interferes w/ [blank_start]d ala d ala integration into PG[blank_end] and [blank_start]PG cross linking[blank_end]. its SOA is [blank_start]g+[blank_end] organisms incl [blank_start]MRSA[blank_end] and [blank_start]s pneumo w/ penicillinase[blank_end]. its CI are [blank_start]meningitis[blank_end], [blank_start]pulmonary[blank_end], [blank_start]bone[blank_end], [blank_start]joint[blank_end] [blank_start]c. diff colitis[blank_end] and [blank_start]pen allergy[blank_end]
- Avancomycin
- Bd ala d ala integration into PG
- CPG cross linking
- Dg+
- EMRSA
- Fs pneumo w/ penicillinase
- Gmeningitis
- Hpulmonary
- Ibone
- Jjoint
- Kc. diff colitis
- Lpen allergy
16[blank_start]tetracycline[blank_end], [blank_start]glycylcycline[blank_end] and [blank_start]aminoglycosides[blank_end] are all protein synthesis inhibitors ([blank_start]30s[blank_end] subunit )
- Atetracycline
- Bglycylcycline
- Caminoglycosides
- D30s
17[blank_start]tetra[blank_end], [blank_start]mino[blank_end] and [blank_start]doxy[blank_end] are all examples of tetracytline class antibiotics. mno is used fro [blank_start]acne[blank_end] and active against [blank_start]MSSA/MRSA.[blank_end] doxy is active against some strange things like [blank_start]mycoplasma[blank_end] [blank_start]chlamydia[blank_end] [blank_start]legionella[blank_end] [blank_start]spirochetes[blank_end] [blank_start]rickettsia[blank_end] and malaria. but also some less weird things like [blank_start]s aureus[blank_end] [blank_start]h influ[blank_end] and [blank_start]moraxella[blank_end]. its Ci are [blank_start]skina nd soft tissue[blank_end], [blank_start]pneumonia[blank_end], [blank_start]STIs[blank_end], [blank_start]lyme and rocky mountain[blank_end] and [blank_start]malaria[blank_end]. for all tetras S/E are [blank_start]n/v/d[blank_end] [blank_start]heartburn[blank_end] [blank_start]photosensitivity[blank_end] [blank_start]dark teeth and tooth decay.[blank_end] [blank_start]hypersensitivity (mino)[blank_end] and do not use any in [blank_start]pregnancy[blank_end]
- Aacne
- BMSSA/MRSA.
- Cmycoplasma
- Dchlamydia
- Elegionella
- Fspirochetes
- Grickettsia
- Hs aureus
- Ih influ
- Jmoraxella
- Kskin and soft tissue
- Lpneumonia
- MSTIs
- Nlyme and rocky mountain
- Omalaria
- Pn/v/d
- Qheartburn
- Rphotosensitivity
- Sdark teeth and tooth decay.
- Thypersensitivity (mino)
- Upregnancy
- Vtetra
- Wmino
- Xdoxy
18[blank_start]Gentamicin[blank_end] [blank_start]Tobramycin[blank_end] and [blank_start]Amikacin[blank_end] are all aminoglycosides.
Their SOA incl [blank_start]enterobactericeae[blank_end].
gent specifically [blank_start]enterococcus[blank_end] [blank_start]strepto[blank_end].
tobra specifically [blank_start]pseudo[blank_end] enterococcus strepto. amik specifically [blank_start]nocardia[blank_end], [blank_start]mycobacterium[blank_end] [blank_start]pseudo[blank_end]
their CI are many infections and synergy in [blank_start]endocarditis[blank_end] pathogens
their S/E are [blank_start]cochlear toxicity[blank_end], [blank_start]vestibulotoxicity[blank_end] and [blank_start]nephrotoxicity[blank_end]- Aenterobactericeae
- Bcochlear toxicity
- Cvestibulotoxicity
- Dnephrotoxicity
- EGentamicin
- FTobramycin
- GAmikacin
- Henterococcus
- Istrepto
- Jpseudo
- Knocardia
- Lmycobacterium
- Mpseudo
- Nendocarditis
19[blank_start]Erythromycin[blank_end], [blank_start]Clarithromycin[blank_end], and [blank_start]Azithromycin[blank_end] are all macrolides.
SOA incl [blank_start]atypical and typical pneumo pathogens,[blank_end] [blank_start]chlamydia[blank_end] (azithro) and [blank_start]h pylori[blank_end] (clarithro)
CI for erythro are [blank_start]GI prokinetic[blank_end], [blank_start]eye ingections,[blank_end] [blank_start]strep throat[blank_end] (in pen allergy)
CI for clarithro [blank_start]otitis media[blank_end], [blank_start]h pylori ulcers[blank_end]
CI for azithro is [blank_start]otitis media[blank_end], [blank_start]chlamydia[blank_end]- AErythromycin
- BClarithromycin
- CAzithromycin
- Datypical and typical pneumo pathogens
- Echlamydia
- Fh pylori
- GGI prokinetic
- Heye infections
- Istrep throat
- Jotitis media
- Kh pylori ulcers
- Lotitis media
- Mchlamydia
20[blank_start]Macrolides[blank_end], [blank_start]Lincosamides[blank_end], [blank_start]Oxazolidinones[blank_end] are all protein synthesis inhibitors ([blank_start]50s[blank_end] inhibitors)
- AMacrolides
- BLincosamides
- COxazolidinones
- D50s
21[blank_start]Clindamycin[blank_end] is a lincosamide.
SOA is mostly [blank_start]g+[blank_end] coverage incl [blank_start]anaerobes[blank_end], but it is not a reliable agent
CI are [blank_start]pen allergy[blank_end], for general infections and a very specific use in [blank_start]nec fasc[blank_end] and [blank_start]TSS[blank_end] b/c it interferes w/ [blank_start]toxin production[blank_end]
S/E are [blank_start]GI upset[blank_end], [blank_start]c diff diarrhea[blank_end]- AClindamycin
- Bg+
- Canaerobes
- Dpen allergy
- EGI upset
- Fc diff diarrhea
- Gtoxin production
- Hnec fasc
- ITSS
22[blank_start]Linezolid[blank_end] is a oxazolidinone.
SOA are [blank_start]g+[blank_end] organisms incl [blank_start]MRSA/VRE[blank_end]
CI are MRSA/VRE, [blank_start]Skin and soft tissue infections[blank_end], [blank_start]Pneumonia[blank_end], [blank_start]Urinary tract infections[blank_end]- ALinezolid
- BMRSA/VRE
- Cg+
- DSkin and soft tissue infections
- EPneumonia
- FUTI
233 classes of antibiotics that are DNA synthesis active are [blank_start]fluoroquinolones[blank_end], [blank_start]rifamycins[blank_end], and [blank_start]macrocyclics[blank_end]
- Afluoroquinolones
- Brifamycins
- Cmacrocyclics
24Fluroquin inhibits [blank_start]Topoisomerase II and IV[blank_end]. 3 examples are [blank_start]ciprofloxacin[blank_end], [blank_start]levofloxacin[blank_end] and [blank_start]moxifloxacin[blank_end]
SOA is G- incl [blank_start]psuedo (cipro)[blank_end] [blank_start]anaerobes (moxi)[blank_end] and [blank_start]gram +[blank_end]/ [blank_start]atypical pneumo (levo and moxi)[blank_end]
CI for cipro is [blank_start]UTI[blank_end], [blank_start]intra abdo infections[blank_end], [blank_start]otitis externa[blank_end]
CI for levo is [blank_start]pneumonia[blank_end], [blank_start]urethritis[blank_end], [blank_start]bone and join infections[blank_end]
CI for moxi is [blank_start]pneumonia[blank_end], [blank_start]lung abscess[blank_end] NOT [blank_start]UTI[blank_end]
S/E include [blank_start]tendon rupture[blank_end], [blank_start]long QTc syndrome[blank_end], [blank_start]peripheral neuropathy[blank_end] and do not give in [blank_start]pregnancy[blank_end]- ATopoisomerase II and IV
- Bcipro
- Clevo
- Dmoxi
- Epseudo (cipro)
- Fanaerobes (moxi)
- GUTI
- Hintra abdo infections
- Iotitis externa
- Jpneumonia
- Kurethritis
- Lbone and joint infections
- Mpneumonia
- Nlung abscess
- OUTI
- Ptendon rupture
- Qlong QTc syndrome
- Rperipheral neuropathy
- Spregnancy
- Tgram +
- Uatypical pneumo (levo and moxi)
25Rifamycins bind [blank_start]RNA polymerase[blank_end], inhibiting RNA synthesis. Main example is [blank_start]rifampin[blank_end]
SOA is [blank_start]Mycobacterium sp[blank_end] and [blank_start]Staphylococcus sp[blank_end]
CI are [blank_start]MAC infections[blank_end], [blank_start]biofilm[blank_end] [blank_start]prosthetic material and shunt infection[blank_end]- Arifampin
- BMycobacterium
- CStaphylococcus
- DMAC infections
- Ebiofilm
- Fprosthetic material and shunt infections
- GRNA polymerase
26[blank_start]FIdaxomicin[blank_end] is the main example of macrocylics. It inhibits [blank_start]bacterial RNA polymerase[blank_end]
SOA: [blank_start]C. difficile[blank_end]
CI: [blank_start]C. difficile associated diarrhea[blank_end]- AFIdaxomicin
- Bbacterial RNA polymerase
- CC difficile
- DC diff diarrhea
27[blank_start]Sulfonamides[blank_end] [blank_start]Trimethoprim[blank_end] [blank_start]Nitrofurans[blank_end] [blank_start]Nitroimidazoles[blank_end] are all antimetabolite antibiotics
- ASulfonamides
- BTrimethoprim
- CNitroimidazoles
- DNitrofurans
28[blank_start]Sulfonamides[blank_end] and [blank_start]trimethoprim[blank_end] are folic acid synthesis inhibitors. Sulfa is a PABA inhibitors inhibiting [blank_start]folate synthetase[blank_end]
Trimethoprim [blank_start]dihydrofolate reductase[blank_end]. Both are [blank_start]bacteriostatic[blank_end] separately but bactericidal together.
SOA is g+ w/ no [blank_start]strep[blank_end], g- incl [blank_start]s maltophila[blank_end], [blank_start]P jirovecii[blank_end], [blank_start]toxo[blank_end]
CI are steno pneumonia PJP toxo [blank_start]UTI[blank_end] [blank_start]skin and soft tissue[blank_end]
S/E are increased [blank_start]creatinine[blank_end] [blank_start]hypersensitivity reactions[blank_end] [blank_start]Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis[blank_end] [blank_start]Steven-Johnson syndrome[blank_end]- ASulfonamides
- Btrimethoprim
- Cdihydrofolate reductase
- Dbacteriostatic
- Ep jirovecii
- Ftoxo
- GUTI
- Hskin and soft tissue
- Icreatinine
- Jhypersensitivity reactions
- KToxic Epidermal Necrolysis
- LSteven Johnson syndrome
- Mstrep
- Ns maltophila
- Ofolate synthetase
29[blank_start]Nitrofurantoin[blank_end] is a nitrofuran. its MOA is [blank_start]unclear[blank_end]
SOA is good for [blank_start]g-[blank_end] no psuedo
CI is for [blank_start]UTIs[blank_end] b/c its [blank_start]bactericidal[blank_end] but not for [blank_start]pyelo[blank_end]
S/E is [blank_start]interstitial lung disease[blank_end]- ANitrofurantoin
- Bunclear
- CUTI
- Dbactericidal
- Epyelo
- Finterstitial lung disease
- Gg-
30[blank_start]Metronidazole[blank_end] is a nitrimidazole. it works by inhibits [blank_start]DNA synthesis[blank_end] and induces DNA damage via oxidation
SOA is [blank_start]anaerobes[blank_end]
CI for [blank_start]Anaerobic[blank_end] bacteria (ie: Bacteroides fragilis), [blank_start]Clostridium difficile diarrhea,[blank_end] Bacterial vaginosis, Amebiasis, Giardiasis, Trichomonas
S/E [blank_start]neuropathy[blank_end] if long term, do not use in [blank_start]alcohol use[blank_end] (disulfiram reaction)- AMetronidazole
- Banaerobes
- Cneuropathy
- Dalcohol use
- EDNA synthesis
- FClostridium difficile diarrhea,
- GAnaerobic
31[blank_start]Lipopeptides (Daptomycin)[blank_end] and [blank_start]Polymixins (A-E)[blank_end] act on cytoplasmic membrane
- ALipopeptides (Daptomycin)
- BPolymixins (A-E)
32Daptomycin [blank_start]inserts into cell membrane[blank_end] & forms ion channel causing [blank_start]K+ efflux[blank_end]
SOA is for [blank_start]g+ organisms[blank_end]
CI is not useful for [blank_start]MRSA pneumonia[blank_end]
S/E [blank_start]rhabdomyolysis[blank_end]- Ainserts into cell membrane
- Bg+
- CMRSA pneumonia
- Drhabdomyolysis
- EK+ efflux
33polymixin E
SOA is for [blank_start]MRD g - organisms[blank_end]
S/E [blank_start]nephrotoxicity[blank_end]- AMDR g -
- Bnephrotoxicity
Information
- Description
- Classes, Spectrum of Activity (SOA) and Clinical Indications (CI)
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