chemistry test
Slides in this set (15)
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- definition of matter
- states of matter - identify solid/liquid/gas
- changes of state
- conservation & mass
- definitions & examples of pure substances, mixtures, compounds, & elements
- definitions & examples of physical & chemical changes
- meaning of soluble/insoluble
- definition of solvent, solute, solution(dilute, concentrated, saturated)
- melting point
- reactions - exothermic & endothermic (definition & example)
- factors effecting rate of reaction (particle size, concentration, type of reactants)
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- anything that takes up space and has a mass
- Mass
- the amount of matter in an object
- Volume
- the amount of space an object takes up
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- Solids:
- particles tightly packed
- definite shape & volume
- Liquids:
- particles touch each other & can flow
- no definite shape, but definite volume
- Gases:
- particles loosely packed, they can flow freely
- no definite shape/volume
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- Solid --------------> Liquid
- add heat(melting)
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- Caption: Diagram
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- - in a closed system the total mass will remain the same even if there are physical/chemical changes made
- A Closed System
- prevents anything already in the system from leaving
- doesn't allow anything else to get into the system
- An Open System
- lets everything in the system escape into the air
- allows everything to get into the system
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- Matter
- / \
- pure substances mixtures
- / \ / \
- elements compounds solutions other
- Pure substances - is made of particles that are exactly the same as each other Eg. water, oxygen, carbon dioxide
- Mixture - is made of 2 or more different particles mingles together Eg. air
- Element - is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means Eg. sulfer (S), carbon (C)
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- Compound - is a pure substance made from 2 or more different elements chemically combined
- Eg. Sodium Chloride is made from Sodium & Chloride
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- Physical Change:
- is one in which no new substance is formed
- Eg. Water -> Ice,
- Mixing sand & water
- Boiling water
- Sublimation of dry ice into carbon dioxide vapour
- Breaking a bottle
- Chemical Change:
- causes new substances to form
- Eg. Iron(Fe) & Sulphide(S) -> Iron Sulphide(FeS)
- Milk turning sour
- Wood burning
- Iron rusting on a bike
- Fireworks
- Cooking an egg
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- Solution:
- is a mixture of a solute & solvent
- Solution = Solute + Solvent
- Solute:
- is a substance that dissolves in a solvent
- Solvent:
- the liquid in which a solute dissolves in
- Soluble Substance:
- are able to dissolve in a liquid
- Insoluble Substance:
- does not dissolve in a liquid
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- 1. Water + Sugar = sugar is a soluble substance
- water = solvent, sugar = solute
- 2.Water + Sand = sand is an insoluble substance
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- 1.Concentrated Solution contains a lot of solute in a little solvent
- Eg. A lot of MiWadi in a tiny bit of water
- 2.Dilute Solution contains a little solute in a lot of solvent
- Eg. A tiny drop of MiWadi in a lot of water
- 3.Saturated Solution is one in which no more solute will dissolve
- Eg. When so much sugar is added to water that is will no longer dissolve
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- Melting Point
- the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid state to a liquid state
- Eg. when the temperature is hot enough to melt our ice-cream/chocolate
- Boiling Point
- the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas
- Eg. the boiling point of water is 100 degrees, while the boiling point of alcohol is 78 degrees
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Exothermic & Endothermic Reactions
- Endothermic Reaction:
- is one which takes in heat
- Eg. icicles melting, baking bread, sweat evaporating from skin, snow forming, an egg frying
- Exothermic Reaction:
- is one which gives out heat
- Eg. a candle burning, bomb exploding, breath condensing on a cold morning, a log fire
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Factors affecting rate of reaction
- particle size
- concentration
- temperature
- catalysts
Information
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- First year History Slide Set on chemistry test, created by kamila klobukowska on 11/05/2018.
- Created by
- kamila klobukowska
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