Karteikarten
Reading 1
Karten in diesem Stapel (19)
- 1Observed ScoreA score obtained from a measurement instrument.
- Has strong meaning when compared with other scores - 2How do we calculate an Centered Score?Subtracting the mean from the observed score. -ve when below the mean, +ve when above the mean
- 3Sum of squares - what is it a measure of? - how is it calculated?- A measure of variability
- Calculated by squaring the centered scores and then adding them together - 4When is the sum of squares larger?When the scores fall father from the mean
- 5Sum of products - what is it a measure of? - how is it calculated?- Measure of relationship between two variables
- It is calculated by multiplying a person’s centered score on one variable
by her or his centred score on the other variable, and then adding these products
together - 6When is SP positive? negative?- Positive when an increase in one variable is associated with an increase in the other variable,
- Negative when an increase in one variable is associated with a decrease in the other variable. - 7Independent vs. dependent variableTe dependent variable is the variable one wants to predict (Y), and the
independent variable is the variable one uses to predict it (X) - 8Degrees of freedomNumber of scores in a set that can vary
freely - 9True/false the sum of centered scores is 0True
- 10How is variance calculated?SS/N-1 (degrees of freedom)
- 11How does the standard deviation relate to the variance?It is the square root of the variance
- 12What is the purpose of taking the square root of the variance?To undo the initial squaring of the centered scores
- Providing an estimate of variability that relates directly to the original unit of
measurement. - 13True or False/ the ratio between N-1 and N approached unity as N increasesTrue
- 14Standard Scores - What are they? - What is a common form?- centred scores that have been scaled relative to the standard
deviation
- Z score - 15What does a Z score indicate?A z score indicates the number
of standard deviations that an observed score is away from the mean
- Z scores have a mean of zero (like centred scores) - 16simple correlationA standardized measure
of relationship that ranges in value from −1 to 1 - 17When a simple correlation positive? when is it negative?. It is positive when an increase in
one variable is associated with an increase in the other variable, and it is negative
when an increase in one variable is associated with a decrease in the other variable. - 18How is the simple correlation calculated?A simple correlation is equal to the standardized sum of products divided
by its degrees of freedom. - 19What is the standardized sum of products?Te standardized sum of products is simply the sum of products calculated using z scores rather than centred scores
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- Universität Research Methods Karteikarten am Reading 1, erstellt von Amrit Bhogal am 31/03/2015.
- Erstellt von
- Amrit Bhogal
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- 16
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