Population

Population

1. Demographic Transition Model (DTM)

2. Reasons for living in an area

   • Some people may want to live in a particular area because there might be flat or gently sloping land, mild climate, good soils, lowland water, good transport and communication links, eg ports places to work resources, eg coal, oil. Some people might not want to live in a particular area is because there are steep slopes, harsh climate - very hot or very cold, dense forest, dry conditions, isolated areas with poor transport links, few jobs and lack of resources

3. World population growth

   • World population distribution describes how people are spread out across the globe. The human population is not spread evenly. Few people live in locations that are sparsely populated and densely populated places have many. The distribution of people is often shown using a dot distribution map.
   • In the entire world, there has been an explosion in population. During the 1st century AD, the world population was about 300,000 people. The current population is over 7 billion, and most of the growth has taken place within the last 100 years. In fact, in the late 1990s, the world population was 5.9 billion, which increased to over 7 billion in 2011. During the 1960s the population was half what it is today, ie 3.3 billion. The world population is still growing rapidly. Although the rate of growth is slowing slightly, there are so many young people that population will continue to grow for some time.
     • • Causes for this are births (eg availability of contraception and trends), deaths (eg war and disease) and migration (eg people moving into or out of a country)
     • Population pyramids
       • Population pyramids are graphs that show population structures, ie how many males and females of different age groups are in the population in each place. Population structures change from place to place and over time. The population pyramids for the countries below are different shapes.

4. Managing world population

   • China
     • In the late 1970's , China introduced a one-child policy. The one-child policy, established in 1979, meant that each couple was allowed just one child. Benefits included increased access to education for all, plus childcare and healthcare offered to families that followed this rule.
       • Problems were those who had more than one child didn't receive these benefits and were fined, the policy was keenly resisted in rural areas; where it was traditional to have large families, in urban areas, the policy has been enforced strictly but remote rural areas have been harder to control,many people claim that some women; who became pregnant after they had already had a child were forced to have an abortion and many women were forcibly sterilised.
       • Impact of it was the birth rate in China has fallen since 1979, and the rate of population growth is now 0.7%. There have been negative impacts too - due to a traditional preference for boys, large numbers of female babies have ended up homeless or in orphanages, and in some cases killed. In 2000, it was reported that 90% of foetuses aborted in China were female. As a result, the gender balance of the Chinese population has become distorted. Today it is thought that men outnumber women by more than 60 million.
     • 4-2-1
       • The 4-2-1 problem surrounding the one-child policy means that only children will have to bear the responsibility of supporting both of their parents and, sometimes, all four of their grandparents in their old age, as they cannot rely on siblings to help them care for their aging family.
   • To manage population growth you can put a tax on people for having access children, use contraception (women), have an abortion, have child policies, have small families.

5. Managing an ageing population

   • An ageing population is when there is more old and retired people than working age and younger children. The population of old people increases.
   • Meeting the needs of an ageing population
     • The most required needs of an ageing population include: a warm place to live, a balanced diet, a decent pension, access to good healthcare, social opportunities, access to shops, to feel safe and secure, fresh air and exercise, feel part of the community and public transport

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