Population

Population

1. Exponential growth: the bigger the population the faster it grows

   • Problems with an ageing population
     • Health care cost are rising for the governments
     • social care is also needed
     • Strain on the pension scheme
     • Gaps in the job market
     • Strategies to cope with an ageing population
       • Raising pension age to 68
       • Enouraging older people to attend exrecise classes to keep them healthier longer so there isn't so much pressure on the NHS
       • More migrants are encourged to fill gas in the job market
       • People are encouraged to save for their pensions
       • Pro natal policies
   • Opportunities from an ageing population
     • Younger retired people contribute a lot to the economy in the leisure sector
       • Creates jobs

2. Demographic transition model

   • Stage 1
     • High birth rate
       • Lots of children needed for farming, bad family planning
     • High death rate
       • Poor medical knowlage, famine
     • Rural indonesia
   • Stage 2
     • High birth rate
       • Lots of children still needed for farming
     • Death rate falls rapidly
       • Medical advancements, improvement in sanitation
     • Kenya
   • Stage 3
     • Falling birth rate
       • technological advancements mean less children are needed for labor
     • low death rate
       • Medical supply cleaner, more secure source of food
     • Brazil
   • Stage 4
     • Low birth rate
       • Good health and family planning, improving status of women
     • Low death rate
       • very good health care and food source
     • USA
   • Stage 5
     • Very low birth rate
       • Women are choosing their careers over having kids
     • Low death rate
       • Very good heath care etc
     • Germany

3. Major factors affecting population

   • Agricultural change
     • Technology means less children are needed for labor
       • This freed workers for industry which lead to rapid economic growth
   • Urbanisation
     • More people moved to the city as they believed that there were more opportunities
   • Education
     • More women were educated and got better jobs
     • Had to pay for each child to go through education which was expensive
   • Status of women
     • Opportunities increase for girls
     • Less women are staying at home

4. CHINA'S ONE CHILD POLICY

   • What?
     • Chinese people could only have one successful pregnancy
     • Introduced in 1979
       • Because China was headed for famine as their population was too big
     • Prevented over 400 million births
   • PROs
     • Prevented the famine
     • Population growth slowed enough that now people have food and jobs
   • CONs
     • Backstreet clinics
       • Unsafe abortions
     • People wanted boys rather than girls
       • Boys now have no one to marry
       • Lots of girls in orfanages
     • No big families
     • Not enough working people to look after dependents

5. Migration within the EU (Poland to UK)

   • PROs (host)
     • More people paying taxes
     • increases social diversity
       • Different food and drink
     • Migrants fill gaps in the job market
       • Doctors= faster wait times
   • CONs (host)
     • More demand for housing
     • Migrants send money back to origin so money is lost from the economy
     • Not enough jobs
     • Not enough school places
     • Language barrier
   • PROs (origin)
     • Migrants send money back
     • Workers come back more skilled
     • Less pressure on resources
   • CONs (origin)
     • Loss of skilled workers
     • Less people paying taxes in origin
     • Loneliness of older people
   • Facts