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Studies of Cultural Variations Regarding Attachment
Karten in diesem Stapel (7)
- 1Tronick et al Efe tribeHabitants live in extended family groups. Children were taken care of by different attachment figures but always slept with their mother, who was usually the primary attachment figure.
- 2Fox Israeli communal children's homesChildren were taken care of by nurses. The Strange Situation took place with either the nurse or the mother.
Infants were equally attached to both except in terms of reunion behaviour, where the infant showed greater attachment to their mother. - 3Grossman and Grossman GermanyInfants were classified more as insecurely rather than securely attached, possibly due to different childcare practices. German culture involves keeping some interpersonal distance so infants do not engage in proximity-seeking behaviour.
- 4Takahashi JapanInfants showed no signs of avoidance but high rates of resistance- they were particularly distressed on being left alone, possibly because in Japan infants are rarely separated from their mothers.
- 5Van Izendoorn and Kroonenberg Meta-analysisThey found secure attachment was the most common classification in every country studied. Insecure avoidant was the next most common except for in Israel and Japan. They also found that variation within cultures was 1.5 times greater than variation between cultures.
- 6CONTRADICTING The Strange Situation Rothbaum et alBelieved that the attachment theory and other research is not relevant to other countries because it is based solely on American culture. The contrasts between Western and Japanese cultures are very significant.
- 7SUPPORTING The Strange Situation Posada and GlaserBelieved there was a lot of evidence that supported the universality of attachment from many different countries. They also believed that the issue is not whether sensitivity leads to independence, but that sensitivity is linked to secure attachment, when it is actually manifested.
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- Beschreibung
- These are flashcards for attachment patterns in different cultures. Please note- all information and studies are based on Mary Ainsworth's The Strange Situation.
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