Karteikarten
DMS 207 Midterm Musgrove
Karten in diesem Stapel (101)
- 11 1/2 times larger than the normal proximal segmentAneurysm
- 2T/F tortuosity of the abdominal aorta means that it could be crooked or possibly kinkedtrue
- 3T/F hepatopedal flow is a term used to describe normal flow in the portal veintrue
- 4T/F a uterine fibroid may be mistakenly diagnosed as an abdominal aneurysmtrue
- 5T/F a ruptured aneurysm would cause hypotension & a decreased hematocrittrue
- 6T/F less than 50% of aneurysms are located inferior to the renal arteriesfalse
{95% are infrarenal} - 7T/F approximately 75% of the patients w/ an abdominal aortic aneurysm are asymptomaticfalse
{30-60% are asymptomatic} - 8T/F sonographers should measure the abd aorta from outer wall to inner wallfalse
{outer-to-outer} - 9What is the easiest & quickest way to determine if a cystic structure is truly cystic & not a vascular structure? a. look for ascites b. use grayscale imaging c. turn on colorflow d. take a BPc. turn on colorflow
- 10All of the following arteries produce a low resistance waveform EXCEPT: a. CCA b. renal artery c. hepatic artery in a fasting patient d. femoral arteryd. femoral artery
(high resistance = extremities, things you can live w/o) - 11A percentage of patients w/ abd aneurysms are also at risk for developing aneursyms in an artery of the lower extremity. What is the artery that may be involved? a. femoral b. profunda femoral c. posterior tibial d. popliteald. popliteal
- 12The #1 risk factor/cause for developing an abd aneurysms is:atherosclerosis
- 13The clinical signs of leg edema, low back pain, pelvic pain, gastrointestinal complaints, renal & liver problems may represent: a. abd rupture b. retroperitoneal tumor c. IVC thrombosis d. superior mesenteric thrombusc. IVC thrombosis
- 14In patients w/ lower trunk & leg edema and dilated IVC, a(n) ___ should be suspected. a. retroperitoneal tumor b. arteriovenous fistula c. rupture d. infectionb. arteriovenous fistula
- 15Compression technique can be used to treat which kind of aneurysm?pseudoaneurysm
- 16Ultrasound is __ accurate in detecting aneurysms.98.9%
- 17The normal diameter of the aorta is less than3cm
- 18Clinical symptoms for dissection include all of the following EXCEPT: a. back pain b. shock c. hematuria d. chest painc. hematuria
- 19The most common cause of portal hypertension is:intrinsic liver disease, such as cirrohosis
- 20Berry-shaped aneurysms primarily affect which of the following arteries? a. abd aorta b. cerebral c. hepatic d. splenicb. cerebral
- 21Most surgeons recomment surgery to repair aneurysms between _-_cm if that patient has risk factors for rupture such as hypertension, smoking, and COPD.5-6cm
- 22The most common type of aneurysm is:fusiform
- 23Of the following, in which group of people are aneurysms more commonly found. a. women b. men c. children d. 30-40 yr oldsb. men
- 24The umbilical vein changes into the _ postnatally.Ligamentum Teres
- 25_ is a condition in which the aorta is uniformly but not focally enlarged.Ectasia
- 26Dissection of the abdominal aorta is linked to all of the following EXCEPT: a. renal cell carcinoma b. dissection of the thoracic aorta c. trauma d. Marfan's syndromea. renal cell carcinoma
- 27When a patient develops Portal Hypertension, what is the most common collateral pathway that the body develops to compensate for increased pressure in the liver?coronary & gastroesophogeal veins
- 28The most common tumor to fill the IVC is:renal cell carcinoma usually from the right kidney
- 29Which of the following abd arteries is crucial to evaluate in heart transplant patients? a. SMA b. renal c. phrenic d. hepaticd. hepatic
- 30The sonographic evidence of dissection is: a. increased velocity b. swirling bloodflow on colorflow c. reversal of flow d. intimal flap & 2 channels of bloodflowd. intimal flap & 2 channels of bloodflow
- 31What is the most common imaging modality used to examine a thoracic aortic aneurysm?CT
- 32Most commonly results from intrinsic liver disease; however, it also arises from obstruction of the portal vein, hepatic veins, IVC or prolonged congestive heart failure.portal venous hypertension
- 33Pulsatile hematoma that results from leakage of blood into soft tissues abutting the punctured artery with fibrous encapsulation & failure of the vessel wall to heal.pseudoaneurysm
- 34A disease of arterial vessels marked by thickening, hardening, & loss of elasticity in the arterial wallsateriosclerosis
- 35Hereditary disorder of connective tissues, bones, muscles, ligaments, and skeletal structuresMarfan's syndrome
- 36A communication between two blood vessels w/o any intervening capillary networkanastomosis
- 37Periportal collateral channels in patients w/ choronic portal vein obstructioncavernous transformation of the the portal
- 38Circumferential enlargement of a vessel with tapering at both endsfusiform aneurysm
- 39thrombosis of the hepatic veinsBudd-Chiari syndrome
- 40Image above represents what kind of flow: high resistance or low resistancehigh resistance
- 41What is a tear in the intima or media of the aortic wall demonstratiing a linear echo within the lumen of the aorta called?dissection
- 42What is the surgical procedure used to relieve portal hypertension?TIPS
- 43Surgical & angiographic placement of a _ into the IVC has been used to prevent recurrent embolization in patients who cannot tolerate anticoagulants.IVC filter
- 44After birth the umbilical vein constricts and changes into the _.ligamentum teres
- 45Class symptoms of gallbladder disease include all of the following except: a. hematuria b. right upper quad pain c. right shoulder pain d. nausea and vomitinga. hematuria
- 46A patient presents with a history of weight loss & pancreatic cancer. Multi target-shaped lesions are demonstrated within the liver & also a polypoid mass is demonstrated within the gb. Given the histroy, the echogenic foci within the gb are most suspicious for:metastatic gallbladder disease
- 47Sonographic findings in metastatic disease of the gallbladder include all of the following except: a. poypoid or irregular intraluminal mass b. indistinct walls c. focal thickening of the gallbladder wall d. intraluminal soft tissue mass on thin stalkd. intraluminal soft tissue mass on thin stalk
- 48inflammation of the gallbladder is:cholecystitis
- 49the most frequent cause of metastic disease to the gallbladder is:melanoma
- 50In the case of a porcelain gallbladder, all of the following facts are true except: a. 90% associated w/ stones b. higher incidence in females than males c. dense wall w/o shadowing d. associated incidence of gb carcinomac. dense wall w/o shadowing
- 51A condition in which cholesterol stones/ crystals become lodged between diverticula (Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses) causing comet tail artifacts is called:adenomyomatosis
- 52Causes of non-inflammatory gallbladder wall thickening include all of the following except: a. AIDS b. cirrhosis c. ascites d. cholecystitisd. cholecystitis
- 53The term used to define inflammation of the gb in absence of the cholelithiasis is:acalculous cholecystitis
- 54The following term defines a soft tissue mass pedunculating from the gallbladder wall protruding into the lumen, It does not shadow and does not move with patient position.adenoma (polyp)
- 55Gallstone appearance on ultrasound examination is:dependent, mobile, echogenic
- 56A hyperplastic change in the gallbladder wall that is sometimes referred to as a "strawberry gallbladder" is called:cholesterolosis
- 57A patient presents w/ a postitive Murphy's sign and an elevated bilirubin level. Based on this clinical history, the sonogram is most suspicious for:Wall-echo-shadow (WES)
- 58An impacted stone in the cystic duct, cystic duct remnant or gb describes which condition?Mirizzi's syndrome
- 59Gallbladder perforation may appear in patients with any of the following diseases except: a. gangrenous cholecystitis b. acute cholecystitis c. negative Murphy's sign d. gallbladder carcinomac. negative Murphy's sign
- 60Thickening of the gallbladder wall may be caused by all of the following except: a. ascites b. nephritis c. AIDS d. congestive heart failureb. nephritis
- 61Nonshadowing, low-amp echoes that sometimes layer out in a dependent gallbladder & move with patient position is most characteristic of:sludge
- 62A 30 yr old asymptomatic patient presents with a history of Hep B. A sonogram is ordered to rule out pathology. The gallbladder demonstrates multi echogenic foci demonstrating comet-tail artifacts. The sono findings are most consistent with:adenomyomatosis
- 63small, well defined soft tissue projection from the gallbladder wallpolyp
- 64excessive bilirubin accumulation causes yellow pigmentation of the skin; first seen in the whites of the eyesjaundice
- 65variant of adenmyomatosis; cholesterol polypscholesterolosis
- 66gallstones in the gallbladdercholelithiasis
- 67small polypoid projections from the gallbladder walladenomyomatosis
- 68sono pattern found when the gb is packed w/ stonesWall echo shadow (WES)
- 69calcification of the gallbladder wallporcelain gallbladder
- 70hormone secreted into the blood by the mucosa of the upper small intestine; stimulates contraction of the gallbladder & pancreatic secretion of enzymes.cholecystokinin
- 71inflammation of the gb; may be acute or choroniccholecystitis
- 72low-level echoes found along the posterior margin of the gallbladder; move w/ change in positionsludge
- 73An enlarged gallbladder w/ a diameter >5cm is called?hydrops
- 74What two lab values will be elevated in cases of biliary obstruction?alkaline phosphatase & bilirubin
- 75cystic dilation within the biliary tract that are congenital anomalies.choledochal cysts
- 76congential segmental saccular cystic dilation of major intrahepatic bile ducts (beaded appearance) found in young adult or pediatric population; may be associated w/ renal disease or congenital hepatic fibrosisCaroli's Disease
- 77inflammation of the bile ductscholangitis
- 78sono appearance of dilated biliary systemshotgun sign, parallel channel sign
- 79stones within the biliary systemcholedocholithiasis
- 80Acute cholecystitis is associated with what clinical sign?Positive Murphy's sign
- 81Most common cause of acute pancreatitischolelithiasis
- 82Pancreas lab value that increase 1st (within 1st 24 hrs)Serum Amylase
- 832nd most common cause of acute pancreatitisalcohol abuse
- 84most common location for a pseudocyst to occur.lesser sac
- 85sonographic appearance of chronic pancreatitshyperechoic w/ possible calcifications
- 86fluid collection in the pancreas caused by inflammatory process necrosis or hemorrhage due to excretion of enzymes outside the duct.pseudocyst
- 87most common primary neoplasm of the pancreasadenocarcinoma
- 88hydrops of the gb caused by mass in the head of the pancreas compressing CBDCourvoisier's sign
- 89Most common functioning islet cell tumorinsulinoma
- 90Where do islet cell tumors occur within the pancreas?Islets of Langerhans
- 91One of the most common clinical signs of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas is _.painless jaundice
- 92What is the disease that is congenital and indicates an iron overload in the liver?hemochromatosis
- 93Results from thrombus within the hepatic veins.Budd-Chairi
- 94Most common type of glycogen storage diseaseType 1 or von Gierke disease
- 95Lab value elevated with hepatocellular carcinoma.Alpha fetoprotein
- 96Lab values elevated with cirrhosisAST & ALT
Bilirubin
Alkaline Phosphatase - 97Most common cause of intrahepatic portal hypertensioncirrhosis
- 98Most common cause of transmission of hepatitis in healthcare workers is hepatitis _.B
- 99Condition in which the hepatocytes have accumulated an increase of lipids, tryglycerides are elevated, can be reversed w/ diet and medsFatty Infiltration
- 100Which two liver masses appear very similar on sonography & may require a biopsy to confirm the diagnosis?Focal nodular hyperplasia/Adenoma
- 101A liver mass seen in sheepherding countries call echinococcal cyst or hydatid cyst is associated w/ which sonographic sign?waterlily