Science VS Pseudoscience - created from Mind Map

Page 1

Falsifiability

Science

Psuedoscience

Paranormal psychology

Hypothesis tested by what is seen

Hypothesis can be proven wrong (falsified)

Observations

Experiments

Empiricism

Theories/hypothesis not based on empiricism

Hypothesis difficult to falsify

Opinions

Speculation

Belif

Some explanations cannot be tested empirically

When empirical tests are possible, explanations are given for negative results

e.g. Psychic waves

Psi phenomenon not appearing

negative vibes (shyness effect)

Time of day is wrong

Subject is having a bad day

Control

Science

Pseudoscience

Paranormal psychology

highly controlled conditions help control unwanted factors

Can test effect IV has on DV and find causal relationships

Many hypothesis are not capable of being tested under controlled conditions

Concepts too vague

Concepts impossible to execute

psychic phenomena cannot be tested under controlled conditions

Randi

Ghosts

Alien abductions

Poltergeists

Psi phenomena not tightly controlled are prone to confounding variables

Fraud

Experimenter effects

environmental factors

Replication

Science

Pseudoscience

Paranormal psychology

Controlled experiments are often replicated by other researchers

Check reliability of results

Difficult to replicate due to poor design

Excuse is research not capable of being tested

Some phenomena cannot be replicated

Many psi phenomena are tested under tight replicable conditions

Ghosts

Alien abductions

Ganzfeld

Peer review

Science

Pseudoscience

Paranormal Psychology

Submit research to be scrutinised by others

Before journal publication

Identifies errors and fraud

Often skip peer review

Publish work in non-scientific sources

Books

Internet

Magazines

Not all avoids process of peer review

publish findings in parapsychology journals

Pseudoscience

False science

Based on emotion rather than logic

Methodologically flawed and not replicable

Dismissive of counter evidence

Not published in peer review journals

Vague with specialist terms

Science

Objective

empirical

Replicable

Rational

Falsifiable

Science VS Pseudoscience