Flashcards
INTRO: Memory
Cards in this deck (30)
- 1AcquisitionProcess of attending to/ paying attention to stimulus. Results in encoding
- 2RetentionPreservation of stored info over period of time
- 3Retrievalprocess of recalling info
- 4Multi-Store Model of MemorySensory memory: sensory memory made after initial presentation of stimulus (visual = iconic memory, auditory = echoic). Most info lost. Goes to STM if attended
- 5Short term memory (STM)Consciousness, currently aware of. Integrates info from very recent past to experience world. 7+-2 items, almost completely lost after 20 secs without rehearsal
- 6Types of rehearsalMaintenance rehearsal (repetition, keep in STM)
Elaborative rehearsal (elaborating, move to LTM) - 7Types of forgettingDecay: memory trace rusts if not used
Displaced: new items enter STM and cause other memories to be lost - 8Long term memory (LTM)potentially infinite.
- 9Level of Processing (LoP)Theory suggests level of processing (LoP) determines longevity of memory, not the compartment. Shallow: superficial/physical features, not effective. Deep: meaning, links to other memories, effective.
Shallow (case) -> 17%. Medium (rhyme) -> 37%. Deep (meaning) -> 65% - 10Episodic memoryLife events. Obeys principle of encoding specificity (best retrieval cues are those that were present during encoding).
- 11State-dependent learningPhenomenon where recall is best when the individual experiences the same states/stimuli during encoding and retrieval.
- 12Semantic memoryGeneral context, no link to context or life event. Leads to creation of semantic netowrk
- 13Semantic primingPhenomenon: processing a word will lead related words to be 'primed', enhancing their processing so they're pronounced quicker
- 14RetrievalRecall by moving info from LTM to STM/consciousness
- 15ChunkingGrouping items together, greatly increasing capacity of STM. Evidenced through chess master experiments
- 16Passive retrievalTrace-driven. Trace = left behind in memory after event, retrievable but deteriorate. Unaltered by schema. Random changes and gaps. Memory = literal reexperiencing.
- 17Flashbulb memoriesMemories of very surprising, vivid experiences such as tragedies (e.g. 9/11). Very recoverable, lots of detail. Very confident but not always accurate.
- 18Active retrievalschema-driven. Schema = set of expectations about world, affect what info we attend. Not reexperiencing, memory depends on current expectations, interpretation, and bias
- 19Serial reproductionmethod of research used to develop schema theory. One pps given an unusual drawing, wait, then recreate. Product shown to next participant, wait, then recreate. See how image changes as diff ppl remember and forget things
- 20Bartlett's findings in drawingsUunconventional changes to something conventional and then becomes consistent. A name has influence. Some details persistent
- 21Bartlett's findings in storiesOmissions: atypical things that are excluded (e.g. ghosts)
Rationalism: telling the story that must have happened given worldly perpective
Transformation: changing details into something more familiar
Changing order of events - 22Results of Loftus's studySmashed: 40.8
Collided: 39.3
Bumped 38.1
Hit: 34
Contacted: 31.8
Smashed -> more likely to report broken glass one week later - 23Types of false confessionsVoluntary false confession
Coerced-compliant false confession
Coerced-Internalised false confession - 24Voluntary false confessionW/out external pressure. Doesn't believe in guilt. (e.g. so spouse is freed)
- 25Coerced-compliant false confessionfor instrumental gain. Doesn't believe in guilt. (e.g. escape torture)
- 26Coerced-internalised false confessionBelieve they are guilty
- 27Paul Ingram case2 daughters accuse of satanic ritual abuse following summer camp, no evidence. Paul eventually confesses. Psychologist proves false confession with another suggestion about the case not said by daughters.
- 28Kassin & Kiecheldon't press Alt or system will crash. Faster pace + witness testimonial -> 100% compliance, 65% internalisation, 35% confabulation (elaborating)
- 29Core ideas of repressed memory theoryIncest = epidemic (1/3 girls, 1/7 boys abused)
Adult symptoms of pathology reflect long-term reactions to repressed memories of abuse
Significant % of adults completely block memory of abuse
Must access & accept memories
Individual and group therapy for healing, resolution and renewal - 30Factors increasing suggestibilityMore time btwn event and recall
Perceived higher authority of source
Repetition
More plausible
Lax memory (hypnosis, visualisation)
Current arousal/emotionality
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- Introduction to Psychology Flashcards on INTRO: Memory, created by Jamie Otten on 08/11/2017.
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- Jamie Otten
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