Flashcards
Attachment
Cards in this deck (46)
- 1Why did Bowlby believe infants form attachmentsTo develop an internal working model
It’s adaptive - 2When did Bowlby believe that infants form attachments?6 months to 2.5 years
- 3Who did Bowlby believe infants form attachments to?The primary attachment figure
- 4How did Bowlby believe infants form attachments?Infants innately produce social releases to which the parent responds with a internal parental response
- 5What is one strength of Bowlbys monotropic theory?There is supporting evidence.
A study found that securely attached infants were more socially skilled and empathetic in later childhood. - 6Give contradictory evidence for the continuity hypothesis.Zimmermen et al assessed the attachment style of infants and checked in again at 16 years and found that early attachment style was not a good predictor of later relationships.
- 7Give contradictory evidence against the idea of a critical period.Hodges and Tizard found that many children raised in orphanages up to 7 years were able to form attachments to adoptive parents afterwards.
- 8Give contradictory evidence against monotropy.Schaffer and Emerson found that 31% of of the infants at 18 months had formed an attachment to to 5 or more people
- 9Describe reciprocity.Taking turns in interaction
- 10Describe interactional synchrony.Infant and caregiver mirror one another.
- 11Give supporting evidence for reciprocity?Static face study in which mothers who had been enjoying interaction with their infant were asked to stop moving and maintain a static expression. The infants became distressed and began trying to tempt interaction.
- 12Give evidence that infant caregiver interactions don’t occur in all cultures.Kenyan mothers have little physical contact or interactions with their infants yet still form connections.
- 13Why is it difficult testing infant behaviour?Infants constantly move and their smiling or copying of expressions may just be happening anyway.
- 14How many infants were in the Schaffer and Emerson study?60 infants
- 15What happens in the asocial stage?Infants display similar behaviour toward humans and inanimate objects.
- 16What happens in the indiscriminate stage?Infants are aware that some people are more familiar than others.
- 17What happens in the discriminate stage?Formed a special bond to one specific person.
- 18What happens in the multiple attachments stage?78% of infants had an attachment to one or more people.
- 19What is one strength of Schaffer and Emerson study?It has high ecological validity.
- 20Give too weaknesses of the Schaffer and Emerson study.1). It has a bias and unrepresentative sample.
2). The asocial stage is difficult to test. - 21Define maternal deprivation.Frequent temporary separation from the mother that disturbs the relationship.
- 22Define affection-less psychopathy.Lack of remorse, empathy and guilt.
- 23What is the critical period for maternal deprivation to occur?6 months to 2.5 years
- 24How did Bowlby study the 44 juvenile thieves in his study?IQ tests
Interviews with parents to record details of separation
Interviews with children - 25How many of the 44 juvenile thieves were affection-less psychopaths?14
- 26How many of the affection-less psychopaths in the 44 juvenile thieves study had experienced maternal deprivation?12
- 27What supporting evidence of there is for maternal deprivation?Bowlbys juvenile thrives study.
- 28What methodological issues are there with the 44 juvenile thieves study?Extraneous variables
Investigator bias - 29What is contradictory evidence against maternal deprivation?Lewis recreated to study on a larger scale and found that separation from the mother did not predict criminality.
- 30Why are multiple attachments formed?For different purposes such as fun or food
- 31What is supporting evidence for multiple attachments?Schaffer and emerson study
- 32Why does the schaffer and emerson study not necessarily contradict monotropy?Bowbly claims that infants can form multiple attachments but form a stronger bond to one specific person
- 33Why are there difficulties measuring multiple attachments?Behaviours such as smiling may occur spontaneously in infants
- 34What percentage of infants had formed an attachment with the father in the schaffer and emerson study?75%
- 35Why to fathers tend to be secondary attachment figures?They often lack sensitive responsiveness
- 36Why may fathers lack sensitive responsiveness?Social factors(gender roles)
Biological factors(hormones) - 37When may men be primary attachment figure?Single parent families
Share role with mother
They adopt maternal behaviours - 38What are the 3 types of attachment?Secure
Insecure-avoidant
Insecure-resistant - 39What were the percentages of each attachment type in the original strange situation study?Secure= 70%
Insecure-avoidant= 15%
Insecure-resistant= 15% - 40What were the 3 behaviour categories in the strange situation study?Separation anxiety
Stranger anxiety
Reunion behaviour - 41How did insecure-avoidant children respond when the mother returned?Took little notice
- 42How did insecure-resistant children respond when the mother returned?Anger and resist contact
- 43What is one strength of the strange situation study?It’s reliable as the procedure is well standardised
- 44What is one methodological flaw of the strange situation?Lacks ecological validity and mundane realism
- 45Why does the strange situation have ethical issues?Causes distress to infants
- 46What is the 4th attachment type not found in the original study?Insecure-disorganised
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- A level Psychology (Attachment ) Flashcards on Attachment, created by Megan Phillips on 11/04/2018.
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- Megan Phillips
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