Flashcards
attachment
Cards in this deck (16)
- 1caregiver-infant interactions- reciprocity
infants coordinate their actions with caregivers in a kind of conversation
- interactional sychrony
infants move their bodies in tune with the rhythms of carers spoken language
meltzoff and moore 1977
study whereby a model displayed one of three expressions or hand movement, then the child response was recorded - 2caregiver-infant interactions evaluation+ Research support - Klaus and Kennels (1976)
- Low cultural relativism
- Biased research - observed behaviour and has to be interpreted
- Interactional synchrony is not found in all cultures - Le Vine et al (1994)
which undermines that interactional synchrony is necessary for attachment development - 3stages of attachmentSchaffer (1996)
STAGES OF ATTACHMENT
0-3 months:
3-7/8 months:
7/8 months onwards:
9 months onwards:
multiple attachments
Schaffer and Emerson (1964) - 4stages of attachment evaluation- A biased sample: it was from a working class background of pets therefore there is low generalisability
the sample was from the 1960s, historical validity from the social change
- Cultural variations
+ They were studied every month for a year rather than just one month (Longitudinal Study) which make it more representative
Has ecological validity because it's in their own home rather than a lab - 5Animal Studies of AttachmentLorenz (1935)
imprinting
sample of goslings
Harlow (1959)
if attachments are primary based on food
sample of baby monkeys - 6evaluation of animal studiesreductionist - human's behaviour are much more complex
imprinting - research support for imprinting Guiton (1966) - chicks were exposed to a rubber glove for feeding them during their first few weeks which they imprinted on, male chicks also tried to mate w/ the rubber glove
imprinting is suggested that is biologically embedded however, the effects can be revered through social learning, suggesting that learning has more power over, and Guiton also said that after spending time with their own species normal behaviour took in place
hanslow - ethics
- confounding variable: the two stimulus varied more than being clothed or not, the clothed mother had a more attractive head, which also looked more like it own species, - 7Explanations of attachment: Learning theoryclassical conditioning
attachment is formed through the innate stimulus response, in the case of attachment, this innate stimulus is food which stimulate pleasure
operant conditioning
social learning theory - 8Bowlby's theory of attachment (1969)How attachments form
The evolutionary perspective
the consequence of attachment - 9Ainsworth's Strange Situation: Types of attachmentAinsworth and Bell (1970)
- 10Cross-cultural Variations in AttachmentVan IJzendoorn and Kroonenberg (1988)
- 11Bowlby's Theory of Maternal DeprivationBowlby (1953)
the value of maternal care
the critical period
long-term deprivation
Bowlby (1944) 44 Juvenile thieves - 12The effects of InstitutionalisationRutter et al (1998)
Rutter (2007) - 13The influence of early attachment on childhood and adult relationshipsHazan and Shaffer (1987)
'The Love Quiz' - 14Ainsworth and bell (1970) strange situationhas 8 pre-determined stages:
stage 1: Mother and child enter the playroom. 2: The child is encouraged to explore. 3: Stranger enters and attempts to interact. 4: Mothers leaves while the stranger is present. 5: Mother enters and the stranger leaves. 6: Mothers leaves. 7: Stranger returns 8: Mother returns and interacts with child.
findings: 70% Secure,15% Avoidant insecure,15% Resistant insecure.
most US children appeared to be securely attached. it highlights the role of the mother’s behaviour in determining the quality of attachment. - 15types of attachmentA: secure avoidant
B: secure attachment
C: secure resistant - 16—
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- A level psychology Flashcards on attachment , created by rose prince on 26/12/2018.
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- rose prince
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