Flashcards
Memory
Cards in this deck (28)
- 1What procedure stopped H.M.'s seizures but caused his severe amnesia?Bilateral Medial Temporal Lobectomy
- 2What is the difference between a lobectomy and a lobotomy?Lobectomy = the removal of a lobe or large portion of one.
Lobotomy = separating a lobe or large portion of it from the rest. - 3What is retrograde amnesia?The loss of memory for things that happened before the incident.
- 4What is anterograde amnesia?The inability to form new memories, this can either be long or short -term memories.
- 5What is the digit span +1 task?5 digits are presented verbally, next sequence has the same 5 digits +1 and then those 6 number +1. People without amnesia normally reach 15 digits, H.M. got stuck at 8.
- 6What is global amnesia?Amnesia effecting memory from all senses.
- 7What is the block-tapping memory-span test?An array of 9 blocks are placed in front of you, the researchers taps a sequence that you have to repeat. They add one tap onto the sequence each time. H.M. got stuck on a sequence of 6 blocks.
- 8What is the mirror drawing task?Patient has to draw a star within the lines of another star by looking at their hand in a mirror. H.M. did this over a period of 3 days and got better implying he had learnt but had no recollection of doing the task.
- 9What is the rotary-pursuit task?The patient has to keep the tip of stylus on the target on a spinning disk. H.M. improved over 9 daily practices but had no recollection of doing the task before.
- 10H.M.'s improvement on the mirror drawing task and the rotary-pursuit task implied he still had what form of memory?Sensorimotor memory.
- 11What is the incomplete-pictures test?Patients have to complete the same image 20 times but the picture differs in it's sketchiness
- 12How is Pavlovian testing used to test memory?A patient experiences a puff of air shortly after a beep to cause a blink. This is continued until the beep causes the blink without the air. H.M. maintained this conditioning for 2 years.
- 13H.M.'s case proved wrong which aspect of the brain and memory?The original thought that memory structures were all over the brain (diffusely). He showed the importance of the medial temporal lobe, especially the hippocampus.
- 14The fact that H.M. could remember the distant past and have good short-term memory showed what?Remote memory and short-term memory was not associated with the medial temporal lobe.
- 15H.M. suffered with memory consolidation, what does this mean?The translation of short-term memories to long-term memories.
- 16What is explicit and implicit memory?Explicit: consciously aware of the memories we have.
Implicit: not consciously aware of our memories. Like H.M. didn't think he had done tasks but was improving at them. - 17What is amnesia called that doesn't effect general intelligence with deficits to the medial temporal lobe? What is the main symptom of this?Medial temporal lobe amnesia. Not being able to retain explicit long-term memories but being able to form implicit long-term memories.
- 18What are tests called that test for implicit memory? What happens during this test?Repetition Priming Tests. Patients are given a list of words to examine but not retain, they are then given a word fragment (_OB__ER) and they have to fill in what they first think of. If it came from the original list they have formed an implicit memory
- 19Explicit long-term memories come in two forms. What are they and how do they differ?Semantic = general facts and information
Episodic = explicit memories of events in one's life - 20Do medial temporal lobe amnesics have problems with episodic or semantic memory?Episodic. Their semantic memory stays mostly in tact though.
- 21What is cerebral ischemia? The case of ___ had this happen to them.Brain damage caused by lack of blood supply. R.B. suffered this.
- 22How is Korsakoff's syndrome normally caused?Through the consumption of too much alcohol.
- 23Which vitamin deficiency is related to Korsakoff's syndrome?Thiamine
- 24What are the symptoms of Korsakoff's syndrome?Sensorimotor motor problems, extreme confusion, personality changes, problems with liver, heart disorders.
- 25In postmortem examinations, which area particularly has lesions? Where is there also diffuse damage?Medial diencephalon. Neocortex, hippocampus and cerebellum.
- 26What type of amnesia do Korsakoff sufferers experience at the beginning?Anterograde amensia for explicit episodic memories.
- 27Once the disorder progresses, what other type of amnesia occurs?Severe retrograde which can extend back to childhood.
- 28Another term for Korsakoff's syndrome is..... (think about what part of the brain is damaged)Medial diencephalic amnesia.
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- Bachelors Degree Neuroscience2 Flashcards on Memory, created by Eleanor McShane on 23/05/2016.
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- Eleanor McShane
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