Flashcards
TYPES OF LONG TERM MEMORY
Cards in this deck (17)
- 1TULVING (1985)TULVING WAS THE FIRST TO IDENTIFY THAT THE MSM VIEW OF LTM WAS TOO SIMPLISTIC AND INFLEXIBLE
HE PROPOSED THAT THERE WERE THREE DIFFERENT LTM STORES, CONTAINING DIFFERENT INFORMATION IN EACH - 2SEMANTIC MEMORYTHIS STORE CONTAINS KNOWLEDGE OF THE WORLD
IT HOLDS AL THE 'FACTS' WE KNOW
OFTEN SEEN AS AN ENCYCLOPEDIA OR DICTIONARY
CONTINUALLY ADDED TO - 3EPISODIC MEMORYTHIS PART OF MEMORY CONTAINS ALL THE EVENTS IN OUR LIVES AND IS LIKENED TO BEING OUR DIARY
THESE MEMORIES ARE 'TIME STAMPED' I.E. YOU REMEMBER WHEN THEY HAPPENED
THESE MEMORIES ARE MORE PERSONAL THAN SEMANTIC ONES - 4PROCEDURAL MEMORYTHIS IS OUR MEMORY FOR ACTIONS, SKILLS OR HOW WE DO THINGS
CONCERNED WITH MOTOR SKILLS
WE CAN REMEMBER THESE EASILY. THEY ARE LARGELY AUTOMATIC - 5EVALUATION - CLINICAL EVIDENCE - CLIVE WEARING AND HENRY MOLAISONEPISODIC MEMORY IN BOTH OF THESE MEN WAS SEVERLY IMPAIRED AS A CONSEQUENCE OF AMNESIA. THEY HAD GREAT DIFFICULTY RECALLING EVENTS THAT HAD HAPPENED FROM THEIR PASTS. HOWEVER, THEIR SEMANTIC MEMORIES WERE RELATIVELY UNAFFECTED. FOR EXAMPLE, THEY STILL KNEW THE MEANING OF WORDS. SO HM WOULD NOT BE ABLE TO RECALL STROKING A DOG HALF AN HOUR EARLIER AND COULD NOT REMEMBER HAVING OWNED ONE IN THE PAST, BUT HE WOULD NEVER NEED THE CONCEPT OF 'DOG' EXPLAINED TO HIM OVER AND OVER AGAIN. THEIR PROCEDURAL MEMORIES WERE ALSO INTACT. THEY BOTH KNEW HOW TO TIE THEIR SHOLACES, HOW TO WALK
- 6HOW IS THIS EVIDENCE FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF LTMIT SHOWS THAT EVEN THOUGH YOU CAN'T REMEMBER SOMETHING THAT HAPPENED 10 MINUTES AGO, YOU CNA REMEMBER NECESSITIES LIKE HOW TO TIE SHOE LACES AND HOW TO DRINK FLUIDS. THIS SUGGESTS THAT THERE ARE DIFFERENT AREAS OF THE BRAIN FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF MEMORY
- 7FROM THIS EVIDENCE, DOES IT SUGGEST THAT THESE DIFFERENT MEMORIES ARE STORED IN THE SAME PLACE?NO. IT SHOWS THERE COULD BE DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE BRAIN FOR DIFFERENT THINGS AND THE PART FOR REMEMBERING ONE KIND OF THINGS WAS UNDAMAGED WHEREAS A DIFFERENT PART WAS DAMAGED AND THAT IS WHY THEY CAN ONLY REMEMBER CERTAIN THINGS
- 8NEUROIMAGING EVIDENCETHERE IS ALSO EVIDENCE FROM BRAIN SCAN STUDIES THAT DIFFERENT TYPES OF MEMORY ARE STORED IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE BRAIN. FOR EXAMPLE, TULVING (1994) GOT THEIR PARTICIPANTS TO PERFORM VARIOUS TASKS WHILE THEIR BRAINS WERE SCANNED USING A PET SCANNER. THEY FOUND THAT EPISODIC AND SEMANTIC WERE BOTH RECALLED FROM AN AREA OF THE BRAIN KNOWN AS THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX.
- 9NEUROIMAGING EVIDENCE - PREFRONTAL CORTEX:THIS AREA IS DIVIDED INTO TWO AREAS, ONE ON EACH SIDE (OR HEMISPHERE) OF THE BRAIN. THE LEFT PREFRONTAL CORTEX WAS INVOLVED IN RECALLING SEMANTIC MEMORIES. EPISODIC MEMORIES WERE RECALLED FROM THE RIGHT PREFRONTAL CORTEX. PROCEDURAL MEMORIES, HOWEVER, WERE RECALLED FROM THE CEREBELLUM AND THE BASAL GANGLIA
- 10WHAT PART OF THE BRAIN IS INVOLVED WITH THE SEMANTIC MEMORYLEFT PREFRONTAL CORTEX
- 11WHAT PART OF THE BRAIN IS INVOLVED WITH THE EPISODIC MEMORYRIGHT PREFRONTAL CORTEX
- 12WHAT PART OF THE BRAIN IS INVOLVED WITH THE PROCEDURAL MEMORYCEREBELLUM AND BASAL GANGLIA
- 13WHY IS USING BRAIN SCANS A STRENGTHUSING BRAIN SCANS IS A STRENGTH BECAUSE IT GIVES A PICTURE OF THE BRAIN AND ALLOWS US TO INVESTIGATE IT. THEY ARE NON-INVASIVE, NO PAIN, PINPOINTABLE. OBJECTIVE - DIFFICULT TO FAKE A BRAIN SCAN
- 14WHAT DO THE RESULTS OF THESE BRAIN SCANS SUGGEST?THE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT THRE ARE DIFFERENT SECTIONS OFTHE BRAIN AND EACH SECTION IS USED TO RECALL A SPECIFIC TYPE OF MEMORY.THE MULTISTORE MODEL IS TOO SIMPLE AND THERE IS MORE THAN ONE LTM STORE
- 15REAL LIFE APPLICATIONSBEING ABLE TO IDENTIFY DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF LTM ALLOWS PSYCHOLOGISTS TO TARGET CERTAIN KINDS OF MEMORY IN ORDER TO BETTER PEOPLE'S LIVES. BELLEVILLE (2006) DEMONSTRATED THAT EPISODIC MEMORIES COULD BE IMPROVED IN OLDER PEOPLE WHO HAD A MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT. THE TRAINED PARTICIPANTS PERFORMED BETTER ON A TEST OF EPISODIC MEMORY AFTER TRAINING THAN A CONTROL GROUP. EPISODIC MEMORY IS THE TYPE OF MEMORY MOST OFTEN AFFECTED BY MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT, WHICH HIGHLIGHTS THE BENEFIT OF BEING ABLE TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN TYPES OF LTM
- 16WHAT DO YOU THINK THE BENEFIT OF THIS ISI THINK THE BENEFIT IS THAT IT EXPLAINS WHY AND WHAT DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE BRAIN ARE DAMAGED AND CAN HELP EXPLAIN MEDICAL CONDITIONS LIKE AMNESIA OR DEMENTIA
- 17CAN YOU EXPLAIN WHY CLIVE WILL PLAY THE SAME PIECE OF MUSIC OVER AND OVER AGAINFROM HIS PROCEDURAL MEMORY
HE CAN'T REMEMBER HE JUST PLAYED IT
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- A level Psychology (1ST TOPIC: MEMORY) Flashcards on TYPES OF LONG TERM MEMORY, created by Annabell Louise Hutchings on 30/09/2016.
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- Annabell Louise Hutchings
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