Flashcards
President Nixon - Foreign Policy
Cards in this deck (17)
- 1Nixon's view on foreign policy- advocated use of nuclear weapons at Diem Bien Phu
- Say anti-war protesters as traitors in 1967
- BUT results of 1968 = turning point = call for end of Vietnam War
- Believed South Vietnamese had to win war for themselves
- Aware communist world no longer a solid bloc due to 1960 sino-soviet split
- Nixon see opportunity to play communist powers against each other - 2Nixons approach to Vietnam- pledge 'peace with honour'
- Talked of his secret plan throughout his campaign = NON-existance
- e.g. threaten to mine Haiphong harbour, spoke of flooding North by destroying dikes
- Tried to create image as 'mad bomber' to scare North into submission
- In secret = Nixon moved US military to global war readiness
- BUT North not give into threats - 3Vietnamisation- the Nixon Doctrine
- believed imp. for Vietnamese to play bigger role in fighting for independence
- Start to withdraw US troops in June
- ARVN became best equipped army in world with US training, structure and weapons
- BUT still desertion rate remained high as over 100,00 abandon a year - 4Cambodia 1970- new pro-American military gov in power
- Communists use Cambodia to attack South
- Nixon order 30,000 US troops to support ARVN in invasion
- Against promise to withdraw
- BUT achieve success in destroying Ho Chi Minh trail = imp.
- Domestic response :( - 5Why did Nixon not withdraw troops in 1971?- Sign of weakness before 1972 election
- Faced difficulty in Laos in 1971
- forced to use US air support to fight Ho Chi Minh trail in Laos
- Declared as success in 1971 speech = domestic success/strength
- BUT part of trail back in use within weeks - 6Linebacker opperation- feared a North offensive after NVA infiltrate South boarder
- Launch a massive bombing campaign
- 1972
- lead by B-52s
- Managed to slow communist advance
- BUT still lost territory - 71972 peace deal- North Vietnam propose peace deal to preserve their new territory
- Nixon and Kissinger in favour
- BUT South V :(((
- North broadcast terms of peace deal to put pressure on South = successful
- Nixon used this to promise peace in 1972 re-election campaign - 8How did Nixon finally end the Vietnam War?- Ultimatum issued to South = agree to settlement or lose US military aid
- Did promise that if North go against agreement then US would support South
- Operation Linebacker II = force North back into negotiations
- SUCCESS but lost 15 planes @ $8m each
- 1973 peace negotiations = ceasefire agreed, withdrawal of US troops, establishment of democratic elections - 9Kissinger- National security adviser
- Felt important for US to allied self with strong foreign powers - China
- If US use military and economic superiority then could force rivals into better agreements
- Nixon agree BUT aware of need for more democratic approach to keep electorate :) - 10Improving relations with China- After 1960 Sino-Soviet split and consequential tension = opportunity for America to manipulate/benefit from both
- Secret talks to improve relations
- Symbolic gestures =US table-tennis team in China and Kissinger secret visit
- 1971 C take seat on UN Security Council
- 1972 = Nixon visit China
* Discussed Taiwan, Vietnam W, trade
- BUT Mao and China benefited more as continue to threat Taiwan - 11USA and South America- Thought to be loosing control of the Western hemisphere
- USA start to support authoritarian govs
- Chile = Nixon feared the election of socialist Allende as US companies = nationalised
- CIA granted $10m to prevent his election = FAIL
- Attempt to destabilise his gov by funding critics/opposition and stopped all US aid to Chile
- 1973 General Pinochet = bloody coup to overthrow a democratically elected gov. - 12Success in Chile?- Success as achieved goal to overthrow socialist
- Put US interests first in Gov
- BUT overthrew demo elected gov = against democracy and "free-world"
- Corrupt campaign
- General Pinochet = brutal dictator - 13What was detente?- slow down arms race with USSR
- Allow for cuts in US defense spending = :) economy
- Supported by USSR as fear growing power/relations with China
- "era of negotiations"
- Also impacted policy in Germany and Vietnam :) - 14USSR arms race- "era of negotiations" = DETENTE
- SALT I 1972
*Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty = only 2 sites
* Interim Agreement on offensive Arms = 5 year freeze on ICBMs
* Use of satellites to ensure other side weren't breaking treaty
- Imp. step but USSR continue weapon testing - 15Detente in Germany- West Germany = keen to improve relations
- 1971, Four-Power agreement = USA, USSR, Britain and France = Soviets recognised Western access to W. Berlin
- 1972, Basic Treaty = West and East Germany recognise validity of each others frontier/boarder - 16Yom Kippur War, 1973- Eygpt and Syria launched attack on Israel
- Israel sought Soviet help in their counter attack
- Nixon warned the Soviets not to use their conventional forces
- US nuclear forces put on high alert
- Exposed the weaknesses of detente
- Americans able to restrain Israeli ambitions and improve US relations with Egypt = NO Soviet intervention
- BUT Israel still occupy Senai Peninsula = territory of Egypt = future tensions :((( - 17Nixon's visit to Moscow- July 1974
- Strained relations after 1973
- BUT agreements made
= remove danger of nuclear war
= limit/end arms race
= to develop broad/mutually beneficial co-operation in fields of science, technology, culture and economy
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- A level History (AMERICA) Flashcards on President Nixon - Foreign Policy, created by Emily Bevis on 17/05/2018.
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- Emily Bevis
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