Flashcards
Metho test2
Cards in this deck (72)
- 1What is a social survey?asking questions in a systematic way of a selected # of ppl to draw conclusions about a larger group of ppl
- 2Give 2 facts about social surveys-they are widely used (gov agencies, market research, pol parties, media)
-the public is unaware of the criteria to determine the meaningfulness of a survey - 3explain the systematic inquiry for a survey1decide on pop of interest
2select sample in a preferably random way
3clearly define your concept
4create your measurement tool to measure your concept - 4what is a questionnaire?a measurement tool
questions conducted to elicit relevant info about subjects - 5what are the 4 ways of giving a questionnaire?-given directly to subjects
-face-to-face interview
-tel interview
-on the internet - 6surveys are useful in what kind of research and why?in descriptive or explanatory research
gather opinions, attitudes and examine rel b/t 2 variables - 7what is a cross-sectional survey?purpose is to find out once about the opinions or attitudes of the pop
- 8what is a longitudinal survey?purpose is to track changes in a sample
- 9what is a trend study?carry out the survey on random samples of the same pop over a period of time
- 10what is a panel study?carry out the survey on the same sample of same pop over a period of time
- 11what are the steps before conducting a survey?1.establish aim&purpose
2.determine pop
3.select sample
4.determine technique for administering questionnaire
5.develop the questionnaire
6.pre-test if possible
7.revise quest.
8.administer to sample
9.organize, summarize and analyze collected data - 12what are the 2 guidelines for questionnaires?1.respondents can easily understand it
2.measures what it was designed to measure - 13what is an open-ended question?respondents can give answers
- 14what are the + and - of an open-ended question?+permits detail, unlimited answers
-stats are very difficult, different response for each respondent - 15what is a closed-ended question?respondents must choose among fixed answers
- 16what are the + and - of a closed-ended question?+easier to code and analyze, quicker
-can suggest ideas, if desired choice not present=frustration - 17what is a standard format question?+what's the problem with itclosed-ended that doesn't have a no opinion option
problem: forces to choose - 18what is a quasi-filter question?+what's the problem with itclosed-ended that has a no opinion option
problem: getting and idk when has an idea - 19what is a full-filter question?a contingency q that first asks if they know about the issue/are concerned then ask those who know
- 20what is a social desirability bias?when respondents distort answers to look good or conform to social norms
- 21give the order for questionnaires and what each section hasopening: intro that explains survey, easy questions to answer
middle: relate to the variables more directly
ending: sensitive q that respondents may be reluctant to answer - 22what is order effects?order in which q appear affects and influences the answers
- 23what is jargon, slang, abbreviations pitfall?jargon=technical term
slang=jargon in subculture
abbreviations=shortened form of a word of phrase that are not known to all - 24when you are specific with your questions what pitfall are you trying to avoid?vagueness
- 25when you use neutral words what pitfall are you trying to avoid?emotional language
- 26what is prestige bias?linking an issue with a well-known or prestigious person
- 27what is a double-barreled question?when you ask about more than one issue in your question
- 28when you question about the beliefs instead of the variables what pitfall is present?beliefs as real
- 29what is leading questions?leading the respondent to pick one answer over the other
- 30what is issues beyond respondent capabilitiesasking about difficult topics or previous info
- 31what is false premise?assuming that something is implicit prior to a question
- 32give an example of distant future intentionswhen you have children, will you beat them?
- 33give an ex of double negativesdo you dislike the ppl who do not work on their projects?
- 34what is an unbalanced response?when full range is not present
- 35in an experiment what are the IV and DV?IV: the one we manipulate
DV: the one we measure - 36what are the control and experimental conditions?control: causal variable is absent (IV)
experimental: IV is present - 37what is a confounding/lurking variable?an uncontrolled one that changes along with the IV and confuses the results
- 38what is random assignment?when subjects have an equal chance of being in either condition
- 39what is a single-blind and double-blind exp?single-blind: subjects don't know in which group they are
double-blind: no one knows - 40what are experimenter effects?unintentional influence by experimenter
- 41what is a pre-test?when you measure DV prior to introducing IV
- 42what is a post-test?when you measure DV after introducing IV
- 43what are the 2 main types of exp and define them-independent measures design: each group gets a different level of the IV and control
-repeated measures design: use the same subjects in each condition - 44give 3 other types of experiments-pre-test-post-test design: only experimental group is studied
-control-group design: experiemnt and control group but no pre-test
-pre-test-post-test control group design: there is a pre-test and post-test on both groups - 45what are the 12 steps in conducting an experiment?1.hypothesis
2.decide on design
3.decide how to introduce IV
4.develop valid and reliable measure of IV
5.set up experimental setting and conduct pilot test
6.locate participants
7.randomly assign them
8.gather data for pre-test measure of the DV
9.introduce IV to experimental group
10.gather data for the post-test measure of the DV
11.debrief
12.examine data and make conclusions b/t groups with stats - 46what are confederates?actors who are in on the experiment without the subjects knowing
- 47what is a laboratory experiment, give + and -control the situation and conduct in a closed setting
+cause&effect
-artificial - 48what is a field experiment, give + and -introduces IV in an open-setting
+subjects behave as they normally would
-difficult to control - 49what is a natural experiment, give + and -observe effect of a naturally occurring variable
+studies natural beh
-weak in terms of cause&effect and no control - 50what do you have to do with the results?-main outcomes
-descriptive stats that describe the outcomes
-interpretation and graphs&tables where appropriate - 51what is raw data?info that has not been summarized or interpreted
- 52what is to code data+ 2 ways of doing?classify responses into categories and assign each a code to organize, condense and present patterns
pre-coding: before collection
post-coding: after collection - 53what is the # to use when response is blank?9
- 54what is to summarize data?display the central tendencies and spread
- 55what is a frequency distribution?+ 2 columnsshows # of times an answer appeared
categories&frequency - 56whats is rel frequency vs cumulative frequency?rel: in category
cumul: in that category+preceding responses - 57what is the difference between qualitative and quantitative?qual: categories
quant: counts, measurements - 58what are the 2 levels in qual?nominal: names, categories
ordinal: rank order - 59what are the 2 levels in quant?interval: diff b/t units
ratio:true 0, numbers can be 2x as big - 60what are the 3 measures of central tendency (single # that summarizes info)?mean, median and mode
- 61what is an outlier?pull the mean up or down, is much higher or lower than most values
- 62what is symmetry?both sides are mirrored images or not skewed
- 63what is max-min?range
- 64what is the average deviation from the mean?variance and SD
- 65what is tabular analysis?allows to understand rel b/t 2 QUAL var
- 66what is a cross-tabulation?setting up more than 1 frequency distribution
- 67what is the chi-square?calculation of the level of significance of a rel (determined by a set table)
- 68what is a correlation?rel b/t 2 QUANT variables
- 69what does each point represent on a scatter plot?a score on 2 variables
- 70what does the pearson corr do?measures association, summarizes strength, direction and quality of trend
- 71what are the graphs used for QUAL?bar chart
cluster bar
pie - 72what are the graphs used for QUANT?line graph
histogram
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- Methodology Flashcards on Metho test2, created by Veronika Sotnikova on 14/11/2018.
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- Veronika Sotnikova
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