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Lecture 9
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- 1Priveleged Sites are areas of the body that can tolerate foreign antigen without inflammatory response. Where are these located?1. CNS
2. Eyes
3. Placenta & Fetus
4. Testicles
Infection of these tissues can be severe or chronic. - 2Explain how Complement forms membrane attack complex (MAC)
- 3Explain the nature of antigenic mimicry:Some pathogens (Neisseria meningitidis) have acid capsule which is not recognised by the immune system.
Neisseria meningitidis - sialic acid.
Streptococcus pyogenes - hyalauronic acid. - 4Mycobacterium Tuberculosis can form granulomas to evade the immune system.. Explain the mechanism of this.- Granulomas form when a node of infection becomes surrounded by immune cells and later fibrous tissue.
- Site is walled off and the infection contained.
- This site becomes relatively inaccessible to the immune system. - 5How is Staphylococcus epidermidis usually dealt with?
- 6How does Staphylococcus aureus bind to antibody and subsequently avoid phagocytic uptake?
- 7Neisseria gonorrhea. 180,000 cases a year in the UL. It is a persistent infection which will not resolve without antibiotic treatment. How do their pilli work?1. Surface pilli allow bacteria to adhere to the genital tract.
2. Antibodies block adherence. - 8How can bacteria PILLI avoid opsonisation?Pillin genes have variable minicassettee regions, mc6, mc5, mc4, mc3, mc2, mc1.
Up to 20 pili genes.
All are different but some have conserved regions.
Only one is expressed (PilliE)
Non-expressed copies are called PilS
pilE and pilS genes can recombine - 10 million possible hybrid genes. - 9How can pilE and pilS genes form new recombinants?
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- N/A Immunology Flashcards on Lecture 9, created by Danial Dadgostar on 27/11/2014.
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- Danial Dadgostar
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