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Flashcards

Britain Review

Bethany Barnes History A level English 126 cards

Cards in this deck (126)

  1. 1What were the results of the 1906 election?Liberals (49%) - 401 seats
    Conservatives (43.6%)
    Labour (6%)
  2. 2Who were the key figures of New Liberalism?Green - social reform = freedom
    Hobson - under-consumption
    Hobhouse - collectivism and state intervention
  3. 3What were the ideals of New Liberalism?A 'safety net' for those who need it
    Limited State Intervention
    Higher taxation
    Rejected Laissez-faire
  4. 4Name the 3 motivations behind New Liberalism.Booth and Rowntree
    National Efficiency and International Primacy
    Taking the working class vote
  5. 5Who led the Labour Party in 1906?Keir Hardie
  6. 6Which Acts weakened the Labour Party in 1906-14?1906 Trade Disputes
    1909 Osbourne Judgement - MPs no longer paid by Trade Unions
    Mr Balfour's poodles still controlled Government policy
  7. 7What percentage of exports came from staple industries in 1913?60%
  8. 8How did the growth of staple industries compare to new industries?2% growth annually compared to 3.8% in new industries
  9. 9What was the growth of each of the three new industries annually?Motor Vehicle - 6.6%
    Electrical Engineering - 2.6%
    Chemicals - 8.8%
  10. 10How many were employed in the agricultural sector in 1906-14? How does this compare to 185010%
    1.4 million compared to 2 million in 1850
  11. 11How much of the world's trade did Britain own in 1914?25%
  12. 12What percentage of goods were exported in the 1910s?30%
  13. 13What percentage of British wealth was from overseas investment in 1913?32%
  14. 14What was type of wage economy was Britain's?A low wage economy
  15. 15How did the British coal industry compare to America in the 1910s?1914 - 8% of coal mechanically cut compared to 25% of US coal in 1900
  16. 16What trading policy did Britain hold at this time?Free trade
  17. 17What were the percentages of skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled workers?Skilled - 9.6%
    Semi-skilled - 34.3%
    Unskilled - 28.7%
  18. 18How many domestic servants were there in 1906?1.3 million
  19. 19How many miners were there in 1906?1 million
  20. 20When did Booth conduct his research and what were his findings?1889
    30.7%
  21. 21When did Rowntree conduct his research and what were his findings?1901
    28%
  22. 22What was the People's Budget referred to as?The war budget
  23. 23When was the Children's Charter implemented? What did it do?1908
    illegal to sell alcohol and tobacco to a child
    protection from abuse
    juvenile courts
  24. 24When was the Workmen's Compensation Act? What did it do?1906
    Compensation for illness
    Hard to prove
  25. 25When was the Merchant's Shipping Act? What did it do?1908
    Better accomodation
    Only British ships
  26. 26When was the Shop's Act? What did it do?1911
    Weekly half-day holiday
    Other days could be extended
  27. 27When was the Coal Mine's Act? What did it do?1911
    Eight hour day
    Still dangerous
  28. 28How many were covered under National Insurance?13 million of 45 million
  29. 29What was the name of the act that reduced the House of Lord's power?Parliament Act (1911)
  30. 30How many members did the NUWSS have by 1914?500,000
  31. 31Give some examples of militant actions of the WSPUBlack Friday in 1910
    In 1913, the Cat and Mouse Act was introduced and Emily Davison dies
  32. 32What force did the Ulster Unionists form?They formed the Ulster Volunteer force to resist Parliament
  33. 33What did each party believe about Home Rule?The Liberals were dependent on the Irish Nationalists after 1910 and proposed the Home Rule Bill in 1912 Conservatives opposed it 3rd Home Rule Bill passed in 1914 but halted by outbreak of war
  34. 34What happened in the Curragh Mutiny?British Soldiers refused to fight Ulster Unionists (1914)
  35. 35What policies were implemented to deal with trade unions?The Trade Disputes Act of 1906 severely inhibited striking
    1913 Trade Union Act reversed Osborne judgment
    1914 - formation of the Triple
    Alliance
  36. 36How many members did Trade Unions have by 1914?4.1 million
  37. 37During what time was the 'Great Unrest'?1910-4
  38. 38Name 3 strikes that occurred during the 'Great Unrest'?1910 miner's strike (3 killed)
    1911 docker's strike (3 killed)
    National rail strike
  39. 39When did Britain declare war on Germany?4th August 1914
  40. 40What date was DORA introduced?8th August 1914
  41. 41How did the Shell Crisis affect the structure of the government?Led to a coalition between Asquith, Bonar Law, Carson, and Henderson
    Lloyd George became Minister of Munitions and in 1916 Secretary of War (following Kitchener)
  42. 42What were Labour's beliefs about the war?Opposed
    MacDonald resigned
    Henderson fixed rent prices
  43. 43What led to Labour leaving the coalition in 1917? What did this also cause them to do?They were barred from the Stockholm conference in 1917
    They created a new socialist constitution
  44. 44What policies were put in place by the coalition government (LG and BL)?1918 Education Act
    1919 Housing Act
    1920 Unemployment Act
    1920 Agriculture Act
    1921 - Geddes' Axe (15% cuts)
  45. 45What three reasons led to Lloyd George's resignation?Economic Depression
    Honours Scandal
    Chanak Affair
  46. 46What were the results of the 1922 election?Conservatives (330)
    Labour (142)
    Liberal (116)
  47. 47How did industry change in response to the Shell Crisis of 1915? (3)The Ministry of Munitions banned strikes for munitions workers
    Nationalisation of coal, docks, and railways
    BST introduced
  48. 48How did spending change from 1913 to 1918?£200 million to £2600 million
  49. 49How did food prices and employment change?Decrease in unemployment
    Food prices rose by 10%
  50. 50What percentage of landed estates were sold between 1917-21?25%
  51. 51What policies did the coalition government put in place to create a 'Home fit for Heroes'Addison built 200,000 houses by 1921 and cleared slums
    BUT
    There was a shortage of 800.000 houses cut by Geddes' Axe in 1921
  52. 52How were the four staple industries affected by the post-war industry?Steel and Shipping - no longer needed in large quantities
    Textiles and Coal - lost to overseas competition
  53. 53How many trade union members were there by 1919?8 million
  54. 54What happened at Clydeside in 1919?The government sent tanks to reduce strikes due to a fear of Communism
  55. 55What did the Sankey Commission recommend in 1919?Nationalization to continue, better wages and longer hours
    This was rejected by the Conservatives
  56. 56What happened on Black Friday in 1921?There had been an agreement for coal miners, dockers and railway workers to go on strike but on coal miners did, they were defeated
  57. 57How many days had been lost to strikes by 1921?86 million
  58. 58How many men left the workforce during WW1? How many women joined the workforce and what proportion were they?6 million men
    1 million women - 1/3 of the workforce
  59. 59How many shell workers were women in 1918?80%
  60. 60What four industries did women join during WW1?Nursing
    Transport
    Banking
    Agriculture
  61. 61What did the Sex Disqualification Act 1919 do?Opened up the civil service and jury to women
  62. 62What were the two issues with gender inequality in WW1?Percentage of women workers receded to pre-war figures
    Paid less than men
  63. 63What happened to the coal mines after WW1 (3)?1921 - end of coal nationalisation
    Owners cut wages (20% less wages than in 1914) and increased hours
    Attempted General Strike - on Black Friday they went alone
  64. 64How many conscientious objectors were arrested and how many were imprisoned? How many took a non-combatant role?6312 arrested
    5970 imprisoned
    10,000 non-combatant roles
  65. 65How many were killed in WW1 out of the 6 million?750,000
  66. 66How many volunteered during WW1?2.5 million
  67. 67Who led the Easter Rising?Irish Volunteers
  68. 68How many were wounded, imprisoned and killed by British troops during the Easter Rising?2600 wounded
    450 died
    3000 imprisoned
  69. 69How many members did Sinn Fein have by 1917?250,000
  70. 70How many seats did Sinn Fein win in Parliment?73 but they refused to take them
  71. 71What did Sinn Fein do in 1919?Set up the Dail with De Valera as president
  72. 72What did the Irish Volunteers become?IRA
  73. 73What was the British response to the War of Independence?Made Sinn Fein illegal
    Sent in the Black and Tans - Bloody Sunday 1920
  74. 74How many had died by 1921 due to the war of independence?1000
  75. 75What date was the Anglo-Irish treaty signed?11th July 1921
  76. 76What did the Anglo-Irish Treaty do?Government of Ireland Act (1920) was put in place, meaning the 6 Ulster Counties were to be self-governed
  77. 77What were the three reasons the Liberal party were falling behind?FPTP and Labour
    Divisions between Asquith and LG
    Lack of funding
  78. 78What was the consequence of the mandate in 1923?Hung parliament and a vote of no confidence, leading to Baldwin's resignation
  79. 79What role did Snowden play in the 1924 government?Chancellor of the Exchequer
  80. 80What role did Wheatley play in the 1924 government?Health Minister
  81. 81What two main policies were implemented in the 1924 government?Dawes plan (1924)
    Housing Act - 500,000 built by 1933
  82. 82What led to the collapse of the Labour government?TSOC:
    Zinoviev letter
    Campbell Case
    £30 million in loans to Russia
  83. 83What role did Churchill and Chamberlain play in the 1925 government?Churchill was Chancellor of the Exchequer
    Chamberlain was Minister of Health
  84. 84What 4 economic policies were implemented under the 1925 government?Gold Standard
    National Insurance Act of 1925
    Widow's pension
    National Grid established
  85. 85What 2 political policies were implemented under the 1925 government?Local Governments Act of 1929
    RPA 1928
  86. 86How had the Motor industry changed?Production had tripled by 1920, creating 1 million new jobs
  87. 87How many had been killed in the coal industry from 1922-4?3603
  88. 88What was Red Friday?Baldwin providing subsidies for coal for 9 months after privatisation
  89. 89How did Baldwin respond to the General Strike?Under the Emergency Powers Act of 1920, he set up the OMS (Organisation of the Maintainance of Supplies)
  90. 90What date was the General Strike called off?12th May 1926
  91. 91What percentage of people were unemployed in the 1920s?10-15%
  92. 92What were the unemployment regional differences?Staples struggled in Scotland, Wales and the NW and NE
    Growth of new industries in London and the Midlands
  93. 93Which act allowed women to divorce based purely on the reason of adultery?1923 Matrimonial Causes Act
  94. 94Which act allowed women joint custody of their children?Guardianship of Infants Act
  95. 95Which act allowed women to own property on the same terms as men?1926 New English Law of Property
  96. 96What percentage of women were MPs in the 1920s?5%
  97. 97What prevented women from working after marriage?The Marriage Bar
  98. 98How many radio licenses were there by 1930?8 million
  99. 99When was the remembrance poppy introduced?1922
  100. 100How did people feel about war after WW1?Remembrance - war memorials and remembrance day established
    Criticism - support for disarmament and the League of Nations
  101. 101How much did the electorate increase by after the RPA?2.2 million
  102. 102What was the Conservative slogan during the 1929 election?Saftey first
  103. 103What was the Liberal slogan during the 1929 election?Conquering unemployment
  104. 104What was the Labour slogan during the 1929 election?Socialist Commonwealth
  105. 105What was Lansbury's role in the 1929 Labour Cabinet?Works Minister
  106. 106What was Henderson in charge of in the 1929 Labour cabinet?The Foreign Office
  107. 107What was Bondfield's role in the 1929 Labour Cabinet?Labour Minister
  108. 108Who was Chancellor of the Exchequer in the 1929 Labour Cabinet?Snowden
  109. 109When was the Housing Act put in place under the National Government? What did it do?1930
    Gave subsidies to housebuilders
  110. 110When was the Coal mines Act implemented under the National Government? What did it do?1930
    Working day reduced to 7.5 hours
  111. 111Name the two agricultural acts put in place by the National government.Land Utilisation Act
    Agricultural Marketing Act
  112. 112When was the London Transportation Bill implemented under the National Government? What did it do?1931
    Put public transport in the hands of a public corporation
  113. 113How were export values and unemployment affected by the Wall Street Crash?50% decrease in value
    3 million unemployed
  114. 114What event caused the proposal of budget cuts in the 1929 Labour government? How did the Cabinet and Trade Unions react?Banking crisis in 1931
    Cabinet would only accept £56 million in cuts and Trade Unions rejected all cuts
  115. 115What was the 1931 election referred to as?The Doctor's Mandate
  116. 116What two economic policies were put in place under the National Government?Off Gold Standard
    Means Testing
  117. 117Name the 3 Industrial acts put in place rby the National Government.Special Areas Act (1932)
    Factory Act (1937)
    Holidays with pay Act (1938)
  118. 118How much gold was being withdrawn per day in 1931?£2.5 million
  119. 119What did the May Report estimate the deficit would be?£120 million
  120. 120When did the Governor of the Bank of England suspend the Gold Standard? How did this affect the pound?September 1931
    Falls in value by 20%
  121. 121What was the 'Cheap money' scheme?1932
    2% interest on loans to encourage borrowing
  122. 122What cuts did Snowden make?10% of unemployment benefits and public salaries
  123. 123When was the Import Duties Act? What did it do?1932
    10% tariff
    Dominions had an imperial preference (Ottawa conference)
  124. 124How did the National government tackle industrial issues?Closed less competitive mines, mills and shipyards (less competition but more unemployment)
  125. 125How did trade in 1933 compare to 1929?1/3
  126. 126How much did the price of wheat drop by? What did the cause farmers to do?50%
    Lost arable land in favour of more profitable meat and dairy industry

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A level History (British Overview) Flashcards on Britain Review, created by Bethany Barnes on 11/11/2019.
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Bethany Barnes
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