GoConqr has a new look! Let us know what you think.

Sign up free

Flashcards

Joints

cmcinerney93 English 80 cards

Cards in this deck (80)

  1. 13 Structural Classes of JointsFibrous, Cartilagenous, and Synovial
  2. 2There is no synovial cavity, and the bones are held together by dense irregular connective tissue that is rich in collagen fibersFibrous Joints
  3. 3There is no synovial cavity, and the bones are held together by cartilageCartilaginous Joints
  4. 4The bones forming the joint have a synovial cavity and are united by the dense irregular connective tissue of an articular capsule, and often by accessory ligamentsSynovial Joints
  5. 53 types of Fibrous JointsSyndesmoses, Sutures, and Gomfosis
  6. 6Fibrous joint in which there is a greater distance between the articulating surfaces and more dense irregular connective tissue than in a suture. The dense irregular connective tissue is typically arranged as a bundle (ligament), allowing the joint to permit limited movement.Syndesmosis
  7. 7A fibrous joint composed of a thin layer of dense irregular connective tissue; occur only between bones of the skull.Suture
  8. 8An example of a syndesmosis in which a cone-shaped peg fits into a socket. Example: roots of the teeth and their sockets (alveoli)Gomphosis
  9. 92 types of Cartilagenous JointsSynchondrosis and Symphyses
  10. 10A cartilaginous joint in which the connecting material is hyaline cartilage. Example: epiphyseal (growth) plateSynchondrosis
  11. 11A cartilaginous joint in which the ends of the articulating bones are covered with hyaline cartilage, but a broad, flat disc of fibrocartilage connects the bones. All occur in the midline of the body. Example: Pubic _______ between the anterior surfaces of the hip bones.Symphysis
  12. 12Components of Synovial JointArticular Cartilage, Synovial Cavity, Joint/Articular Capsule, Synovial Fluid, and Reinforcing Ligaments
  13. 13(Synovial Joints) the bones at the synovial joint are covered by a layer of hyaline cartilage called _____________ cartilage.Articular
  14. 14(Synovial Joints) A sleevelike ________ __________ surrounds a synovial joint, encloses the synovial cavity, and unites the articulating bonesArticular Capsule (Joint Capsule)
  15. 15(Synovial Joints) The unique characteristic of a synovial joint is the presence of space called a _________ ________ between the articulating bones. Because the ________ _______ allows considerable movement at a joint, all synovial joints are classified functionally as freely movable.Synovial Cavity
  16. 16The articular capsule is composed of two layers, the _________ ________ and the inner synovial membrane.Fibrous Membrane
  17. 17Usuually consists of dense irregular connective tissue that attaches to the periosteum of the articulating bones. Literally a thickened continuation of the periosteum between the bones. The flexibility of the _____ permits considerable movement at a joint, while its great tensile strength (resistance to stretching) helps prevent the bones from dislocating, the displacement of a bone from a joint. The fibers of some ______ are arranged as parallel bundle of dense regular connective tissue that are highly adaptive for resisting strainsFibrous Membrane
  18. 18The strength of these fiber bundles (fibrous membranes); one of the principal mechanical factors that hold bones close together in a synovial joint.Ligaments
  19. 19Lubricates the synovial cavity, which is located between the synovial membrane and the articular cartilageSynovial Fluid
  20. 20a viscous, clear or pale yellow fluid named for its similarity in appearance and consistency to uncooked egg white. Its functions include reducing friction by lubricating the joint, absorbing shocks, and supplying oxygen and nutrients to and removing carbon dioxide and metabolic wastes from the chondrocytes within articular cartilageSynovial Fluid
  21. 21Inside some synovial joints, such as the knee, crescent-shaped pads of fibrocartilage lie between the articular surfaces of the bones and are attachd to the fibrous capsule. These pads are called __________ _____ or _________.Articular Discs; Menisci
  22. 22The functions of the menisci1. shock absorption
    2. a better fit between articulating bony surfaces
    3. providing adaptable surfaces for combined movements
    4. weight distrubution
    5. distribution of synovial lubricant
  23. 23Ball-and-socket joint formed by the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapulaShoulder Joint
  24. 24Although the ligaments of the shoulder joint strengthen it to some extent, most of the strength results from the muscles that surround the joint, especially the _______ ____ muscles.Rotator Cuff Muscles
  25. 254 types of Rotator Cuff MusclesSupraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, and Subscapuolaris
  26. 26Anchor the humerus to the scapulaRotator Cuff Muscles
  27. 27Consists of the ball-like surface of one bone fitting into a cuplike depression of another bone. Example: shoulder and hip jointsBall-and-Socket Joints
  28. 28A ball-and-socket joint formed by the head of the femur and the acetabulum of the hip boneHip Joint
  29. 29Very dense and strong capsule that extends from the rim of the acetabulum to the neck of the femur. With its accessory ligaments, this is one of the strongest structures of the body; consists of circular and longitudinal fibersArticular Capsule
  30. 303 accessory ligaments that reinforce the longitudinal fibers of the articular capsuleIliofemoral ligament, Pubofemoral Ligament, and Ischiofemoral Ligament
  31. 31Thickened portion of the articular capsule that extends from the anterior inferior iliac spine of the hip bone to the intertrochanteric line of the femur. This ligament is said to be the body's strongest and prevents hyperextension of the femur at the hip joint during standing.Iliofmoral Ligament
  32. 32Thickened portion of the articular capulse that extends from the pubic part of the rim of the acetabulum to the neck of the femur. This ligament prevents overabduction of the femur at the hip joint and strengthens the articular capsule.Pubofemoral Ligament
  33. 33Thickened portion of the articular capsule that extends from the ischial wall bordering the acetabulum to the neck of the femur. This ligament slackens during adduction, tenses during abduction, and strengthens the articular capsule.Ischiofemoral Ligament
  34. 34The largest and most complex joint of the body. It is a modified hinge joint because its primary concern is a uniaxial hinge movement that consists of three joints within a single synovial cavity.Knee Joint
  35. 353 joints within a single synovial cavityTibiofemoral Joint (Lateral), Tibiofemoral Joint (Medial), and Patellofemoral Joint
  36. 367 stablizing ligaments of the knee jointPatellar Tendon, Popliteal Ligaments (2&3), Medial Collateral Ligament, Lateral Collateral Ligament, Anterior Cruciate, and Posterior Cruciate
  37. 37Continuation of common tendon of insertion of quadriceps femoris muscle that extends from the patella to the tibial tuberosity. Also strengthens the anterior surface of the joint. Posterior surface of the ligament is separated from the synovial membrane of the joint by an infrapatellar fat padPatellar Tendon
  38. 38Broad, flat ligament that extends from the intercondylar fossa and lateral condyle of the femur to the head and medial condyle of the tibia. The ligament strengthens the posterior surface of the joint.Oblique Popliteal Ligament
  39. 39Extends from lateral condyle of femur to styloid process of the head of the fibula. Strengthens the lower lateral part of the posterior surface of the jointArcuate Popliteal Ligament
  40. 40Broad, flat ligament on the medial surface of the joint that extends from the medial condyle of the femur to the medial condyle of the tibia. Tendons of the sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus muscles, all of which strengthen the medial aspect of the joint, cross the ligament.Tibial Collateral Ligament
  41. 41Strong, rounded ligament on the lateral surface of the joint that extends from the lateral condyle of the femur to the lateral side of the head of the fibula. It strengthens the lateral aspect of the joint. The ligament is covered by the tendon of the biceps femoris muscle. The tendon of the popliteal muscle is deep to the ligament.Fibular Collateral Ligament
  42. 42Ligaments within capsule connecting tibia and femur.Intracapsular Ligaments
  43. 43The anterior and posterior ________ _______ are named based on their origins relative to the intercondylar area of the tibia. From their origins, they cross on their way to their destinations on the femur.Cruciate Ligaments
  44. 44Extends posteriorly and laterally from a point anterior to the intercondylar area of the tibia to the posterior part of the medial surface of the lateral condyle of the femur. The ACL limits hyperextension of the knee (which normally does not occur at this joint) and prevents the anterior sliding of the tibia on the femur. This ligament is stretched or torn in about 70% of all serious knee injuries.Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)
  45. 45Extends anteriorly and medially from a depression on the posterior intercondylar area of the tibia and lateral meniscus to the anterior part of the lateral surface of the medial condyle of the femur. The PCL prevents the posterior sliding of the tibia (and anterior sliding of the femur) when the knee is flexed. This is very important when walking down stairs or a steep inclinePosterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)
  46. 463 C's of Knee InjuryCollateral Ligaments, Cruciate Ligaments, & Cartilage of Menisci
  47. 47Any painful disorder of the supporting structure of the body - bones, ligaments, tendons, or muscles - that is not caused by infection or injuryRheumatism
  48. 48A form of rheumatism in which the joints are swollen, stiff, and painful.Arthritis
  49. 49A degenerative joint disease in which joint cartilage is gradually lost. It results from a combination of aging, obestiy, irritation of the joints, muscle weakness, and wear and abrasion. Commonly known as "wear-and-tear" arthritis, the most common type of arthritisOsteoarthritis
  50. 50An autoimmune disease in which the immune system of the body attacks its own tissues - in this case, its own cartilage and joint linings. It is characterized by inflamation of the joint, which causes swelling, pain, and loss of function. Usually, this form of arthritis occurs bilaterally.Rheumatoid Arthritis
  51. 51An acute or chronic inflamation of a bursa that is usually caused by irritation from repeated, excessive exertion of a joint. The condition may also be caused by trauma, by an acute or chronic infection, or by rheumatoid arthritis. Symptoms include pain, swelling, tenderness, and limited movement.Bursitis
  52. 52Saclike structures that are strategically situated to alleviate friction in some joints, such as the shoulder and knee joints. They are filled with a small amount of fluid. Can be located between skin and bones, tendons and bones, muscles and bones, or ligaments and bones. The fluid-filled bursal sacs cushion the movement of these body parts against one another.Bursae
  53. 53inflammation of a tendon, most commonly from overuse but also from infection or rheumatic diseaseTendinitis
  54. 54the prominence on the inner side of the ankle, formed by the lower end of the tibia.Medial Malleolus
  55. 55the prominence on the outer side of the ankle, formed by the lower end of the fibula.Lateral Malleolus
  56. 56Refers to the bending of a foot at the ankle or talocrural joint in the direction of the dorsum (superior surface). Occurs when you stand on your heels.Dorsiflexion
  57. 57Tubelike bursae; they wrap around certain tendons that experience considerable friction as they pass through tunnels formed by connective tissue and bone. Inner layer - visceral layer (attached to surface of the tendon). Outer layer - parietal layer (attached to bone). Protects all sides of a tendon from friction. Found in places where tendons pass through synovial cavities such as the tendon of the biceps brachii muscle at the shoulder joint. Also found at wrist and ankle.Tendon Sheaths or Synovial Sheaths
  58. 58Movement of relatively flat bone surfaces back and forth and side to side over one another; little change in angle between bonesGliding
  59. 59Decrease in angle between articulating bones, usually in a saggital planeFlexion
  60. 60Increase in angle between articulating bones, usually in a sagittal planeExtension
  61. 61Extension beyond anatomical positionHyperextension
  62. 62Bending fott in direction of dorsum (pointing toe)Dorsiflexion
  63. 63Bending foot in direction of plantar surface (sole)Plantar Flexion
  64. 64Movement of a bone away from midline, usually in frontal planeAbduction
  65. 65Movement of a bone toward midline, usually in frontal planeAdduction
  66. 66Flexion, abduction, extesnion, adduction, and rotation in succession (or in the opposite order); distal end of body moves in a circleCircumduction
  67. 67Movement of a bone around longitudinal axis; in limbs, may be medial (toward midline) or lateral (away from midline)Rotation
  68. 68Movement of forearm that turns palm anteriorly (facing up) (radius and ulna are parallel)Supination
  69. 69Movement of forearm that turns palm posteriorly (radius rotates over ulna)Pronation
  70. 70Medial movement of sole (feet move inward)Inversion
  71. 71Lateral movement of sole (feet move outward)Eversion
  72. 72Superior movement of body partElevation
  73. 73Inferior movement of body partDepression
  74. 74Anterior movement of body part in a transverse planeProtraction
  75. 75Posterior movement of a body part in a transverse planeRetraction
  76. 76(Joint) Articulated surfaces flat or slightly curvedPlane Joint
  77. 77(Joint) Convex surface fits into concave surfaceHinge Joint
  78. 78(Joint) Rounded or pointed surface fits into ring formed partly by bone and partly by ligamentPivot Hinge
  79. 79Oval-shaped projection fits into oval-shaped depressionCondyloid
  80. 80(Joint) Articular surface of one bone is saddle-shaped; articular surface of other bone "sits" in saddleSaddle Joint

Information

Description
Flashcards on Joints, created by cmcinerney93 on 01/03/2015.
Created by
cmcinerney93
Views
1
Rating

Feedback

What is it about?

What do you think of the new look?

How do you like it?