Flashcards
issues and debates
Cards in this deck (25)
- 1AndrocentrismMale bias - men's behaviour is the standard against which womens behaviour is compared.
- 2EstrocentrismFemale behaviour is seen as the norm
- 3Tavris 1993Most cultures take male behaviour as standard therfore women make the decision to behave like men or be different.
- 4Alpha biasthe attempt to exaggerate the differences between the genders.
- 5Beta biasthe attempt to downplay the differences between the genders.
- 6Lee and Harley 2012Women have a slightly different reaction and are more likely to 'tend and befriend' in stressful situations
- 7Reductionisman explanation is reductionist when a single explanation or cause is suggested. Explaining behaviour by cutting theories down to some basic principles.
- 8HolismThe argument that behaviour should be viewed as a whole. Behaviour as a product of different influences which all interact.
- 9Social sensitivityAny psychological research that has wider ethical implications.
- 10Brehm 1992Some topics could not be studied due to their potentially sensitive nature and if they have the potential to cause issues with their participants.
- 11NativismNature side of the debate
- 12EmpiricismNurture side of the debate
- 13QTL method, Plomin 1994The search for mutiple genes to influence behaviour
- 14Heritability equationV = G + E + (G X E)
- 15Gottesman 1963Suggested we all have a reaction range, with genetic potential for characteristics. The environment determines how much this potential is fulfilled.
- 16Free willPeople are able to choose how we behave, our actions are voluntary with no restraints.
- 17Soft determinismBehaviour is determined but we also have the opportunity to excerise free will.
- 18Hard determinismHuman behaviour is determined by external forces and actions are out of our control.
- 19EthnocentrismThe assumption one ethnic group is superior to another or all others and the behaviour of that group is the 'norm'.
- 20The macrosystemThe culture a child grows up in, researchers have their own macrosystem which can bias how they see the world, this can affect their objectivity as a researcher.
- 21Cultural relativismThe belief that it is essential to consider the cultural context when examining behaviour in that culture.
- 22Smith & Bond 1988Argued perfect cross-cultural replications are impossible because procedure will have different meanings to people in different cultures, lacking validity.
- 23IdiographicEmphasis is on the self and argues generalising is difficult because of their uniqueness.
- 24NomotheticExplanations are generalisable to groups establishes general laws about behaviour.
- 25—