Flashcards
GiU Topic 9 - Terminology
Cards in this deck (22)
- 1Simple sentence
- 2Compound Sentence
- 3Complex Sentence
- 4Main clauseA clause that can form a complete sentence standing alone, having a subject and a predicate.→ e.g. John lives in Vienna.
BUT not always! cf. examples in Handout - 5Subordinate Clausepart of another clause ! dependent
→ Also called ‘embedded clause’
→ e.g. I know (that) John lives in Vienna. ! Complex sentence
John lives in Vienna but he is from Nigeria. ! Compound sentence
subordinate clause means: it fulfills a higher function in the main clause - 6What is a clause?→ Look for all the lexical verbs in a sentence + infinitives, participles, ... → e.g. She wants to leave. = 2 lexical verbs; 2 CLAUSES
Jill seems quite friendly. = 1 lexical verb; 1 CLAUSE - 7CoordinatorA word used to connect clauses, sentences, or words of equal syntactic importance (e.g. and, or, for):
- 8Subordinator(Grammar) a subordinating conjunction, participle, or other element.
that, because, for, ... - 9Noun clauseAre very similar to NPs
also Complement Clause
you can usually replace NC with a noun
subcategories:
-that-clauses
-wh-clauses - 10that-clause/That he argued/ was a shame.
My assumption is /that interest rates will son fall./
Our belief /that John is involved/ has been confirmed. - 11wh-clausesI can't imagine /what they want with your address./
/How the book will sell/ depends on the reviewers.
The problem is /who will water my plants when I'm away/. - 12Adverbial clause 6 categories of Adverbial clausesalso Adjunct clause (cause very similar to adjuncts and adverbials)
Reason, Time, Concession, Place, Purpose, Condition
The women telephoned the authorities, /because her enraged cat attacked them./ - Reason
We left /after the speeches ended./ - Time
/Although John studied hard/, he still failed the exam. -Concession
He travels /wherever he wants/. -Place
Go to bed early so /that you'll be fresh for your interview tomorrow. -Purpose
/If you don't like grammar/, I'll be very upset. - Condition
Subcategory: Conditionals! - 13Conditionals diagram
- 14ConditionalsReal conditionals
Unreal conditionals
Factual conditionals
Predictive conditionals
Hypothetical conditionals
Counterfactual conditionals - 15Real conditionalsFactual Conditionals
Predictive Conditionals - 16Unreal conditionalsHypothetical conditionals
Counterfactual conditionals - 17Factual conditionals'generally true'
present + present
past + past
If I /wash/ the dishes, he /dries/ them.
If it /rained/, we /went/ by bus.
If they /don't understand/ what to do they probably /weren't listening./ - 18Predictive conditionals'likely'
present + present modal (will, can, ..)
If I /see/ Mary, I/'ll/ tell her.
If we /get/ there early, we /can/ sit at the front.
If they'/ve finished/ already, we/'ll/ give them something to do. - 19Hypothetical conditionals'unlikely'
past+ past modal (might, could, ..)
If I /got/ the job, I'/d/ move to London.
If you /came/ in the summer, you /could/ stay with us and you /might/ even geht your own room.
If I /were/ rich, we /would have/ offered to help those poor people. - 20Counterfactual conditionals'impossible'
past perfect + past modal perfect (would have, could have ,..)
If I /had called/ John earlier, he /would have/ helped.
If she /had asked/ us, we /might have known/ how to fix it, or we /could have tried/ at least.
If your parents /hadn't met/, you /wouldn't be sitting/ here now. - 21Relative clausefirst embedded into a NP
tree diagram in 22.
- 22Comparative Clauseanything with than or as
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- Grammar in Use (Terminology) Flashcards on GiU Topic 9 - Terminology, created by Lisza Neumeier on 11/01/2017.
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- Lisza Neumeier
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