Flashcards
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Cards in this deck (69)
- 1what were Hitler's aims?-overturn treaty of Versailles
-lebensraum to the east
-unite German speakers - 2what year did Hitler come to power?1933
- 3explain Re-armament-Hitler was banned from building up his army by treaty of Versailles
-pulled out of disarmament conference
-signed Anglo German naval agreement - 4what was the Anglo German naval agreement? and who did Hitler sign a non-aggression pact with?-allowed to have a navy army 1/3 of Britain's navy
-signed with Poland, stated that he would not invade for the next 10 yrs - 5what was the Saar plebiscite?in 1935, people of saar voted 90% to 10% to go back to being German rather than stay being under French rule as it had been since 1920
- 6what was the first bit of land Hitler got and what made it good economically?-Saar
-rich in coal - 7what happened In the Rhineland?-1936, Hitler marched his troops into the Rhineland
-treaty of Versailles stated that the land has to be demilitarised
-troops had been told to turn back if French or Britain stopped them - 8why didn't Britain intervene in the Rhineland?they were distracted by the Abyssinian crisis and most Britons thought Hitler was only going in his own "back garden"
- 9what was Anschluss?Hitler wanted to unite with Austria as it met his 3 aims and he was born their
- 10why did Hitler threaten to invade Austria?-because Austrian chancellor Schuschnigg did not want Anschluss so was threatened with invasion unless he resigned
-Schuschnigg resigned - 11after Schuschnigg resigned what happened?-seyss-inquart invited Germans into Austria
-held a plebiscite and intimidated Austrians into voting Anschluss
-results fixed, 80,000 people arrested for opposing Anschluss - 12why was the Sudetenland useful to Hitler?-strong military bases, defences
-Skoda car factory - 13what did Hitler do to try and get the Sudetenland?-started rumours that German speakers were being mistreated
-met with chamberlain 3 times - 14what is the Sudetenland?region in Czechoslovakia
- 15what was decided as Berchtesgaden?-Hitler could have majority German speaking part of Sudetenland
-Hitler demanded more in Godesburg - 16what was the agreement that gave Hitler the Sudetenland?Hitler wasn't allowed to invade anywhere else
- 17who were at the last meeting for the Sudetenland in Munich? who wasnt invited?-chamberlain
-Hitler
-Mussolini
-Daladier
-Benes - Czech leader wasn't invited - 18what was appeasement? what did this buy time for him to do? what did he fear more?chamberlains policy to give to please Hitler to avoid war-people of Britain hadn't forgotten the horrors of the first war
-needed time to re-arm army
-feared communist Russian more than Nazi Germany - 19after the sudetenland became german what happened in other parts of czechoslovakia in spring 1939?-other parts demanded freedome and independance
-the new leader Hacha couldnt control nation
-invited Nazis into Czechoslovakia
-chamberlain knew hitler had gone back on his word but promised to act if Hitler invaded Poland - 20what was the Nazi soviet pact of 1939-Hitler struck deal with stalin to divide poland and not to invade eachother
-Hitler hated communists and never intended to stick to his word - 21why was the Nazi-soviet pact drawn up?-Hitler wanted more land, wanted Poland but didnt want to fight with USSR
-deal ment that both countries would not invade eachother - 22what did the Nazi soviet pact have to do with chamberlain declaring war on Germany?-the pact ment that Hitler could invade Poland
-chamberlain asked for the troops to be withdrawn but Hitler refused
-Chamberlain acted on his word and declared war on Germany - 23what were Yalta and Potsdam?meetings between leader of Britian,USA and USSR to decide how to move on after WW2
- 24who were the leaders at yalta? and did they get on well?-Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin
-got on well as they had experience of leading a country through war - 25who were the leaders at potsdam? did they get on well?-churchill voted out for Atlee, Roosevelt died and replaced with Truman, and Stalin
-no, Truman didnt tell Stalin about atom bomb - 26where were most agreements made? what were the agreements made?-Yalta and built up on at Potsdam
-didvision of Germany and Berlin, elections of Eastern Europe, re-education of Nazis, USSR would help fight Japan - 27what was the Truman doctrine?afraid of the domino effect of countries falling to communism, money was given to Greece and Turkey to help build armies to fight communism
- 28what was the Marshall plan and cominform?-another American plan to give money to western Europe to invest in their economies in the hope that they would be rich and would not be in favour of Communism
- cominform was a Russian plan and similar but aimed at allies in Eastern Europe - 29what was the cause of the Berlin blockade?-Western berlin was was rich from money from the marshall plan but soviets were taking money out of east so was looking poor
-British,french and american part joined and introduced new currency
-stalin closed road and rail links to West Berlin in hope that americans would give west to him - 30how did the Americans try to enter west berlin during the blockade?-airlift
-flew powdered egg and fuel into city from 1948-1949
-it was risky and 79 pilotes died in crashes planes took off and landed every 3 mins - 31what events contributed to the iron curtain?-Stalin didnt allow free elections in the East
-forced romanian king to abdicate and mudered non communsits in Czechoslivakia
-in Hungary, 17% wished to be communist but took control anyway
-Bulgaria, Poland and Yuguslavia fell communist - 32who said that the iron curtain had to desend across Europe?Churchill
- 33why was NATO formed? and what did it mean for the countries involved?-after blocked western countries became worried about Stalin
-members would protect eachother if attacked - 34what countries were in NATO?America, Britian, Canada, Belgium, Netherlands
- 35what was the Warsaw pact and what happened for the to be formed? what countries did it include?west germany joined NATO
communist countries felt threatened
included Poland, Bulgaria and Hungary - 36why did the formation of NATO and the Warsaw pact create tension in the cold war?conflict between two small countries could draw larger ones in
- 37what happened in the Korean war 1950-1953-after WW2 America set up democracy in south korea
-USSR set up communsim in Noth Korea
-1950- N.K used USSR money and weapons to attack S.K
-UN troops intervened, pushed N.K back to Chinese border
-China warned UN not to touch the Yalu river
-General McArthur discobeyed
-China sent troops and pushed back to 38 parallel - 38what was the arms race?race for superiority in nuclear warefare between USSR and US
- 39what war devices did America have first?atom bomb, hydrogen bomb, ICMBs, developed nuclear missiles that can be fired from submarines
- 40what was the Hungarian Rising?The Hungarian Revolution of 1956 or the Hungarian Uprising of 1956 was a nationwide revolt against the government of the Hungarian People's Republic and its Soviet-imposed policies
- 41who became the new leader of Hungary in 1956? and what did he promise?-Imre Nagy
-promised freedom of speech and press
-said Hungary would withdraw from the warsaw pact - 42what was the promise that Imre Nagy made that angred Kruschev? and what did he do?-withdrawal from the Warsaw pact
-Kruschev sent troops back in
-killed 30,000 Hungarians
-trapped Nagy in Yugoslavian embassy
-promised he could leave the country but it was a trap
-got executed and replaced with Janos Kadar - 43how was USSR in the lead of the space race and how did USA overtake them?-first object in space sputnik 1, first dog in space
laika, first man in space Gagarin
-1969 America landed Neil Armstrong on the moon - 44what was the U2 crisis? and what did this lead to?-Gary powers flew U2 spy plave over USSR but was shot down at Sverdlovsk
-Americans claimed it was scientific weather mission but didnt know that Gary has been captured
-Kruschev angered that he had been lied to
-pulled out of summit talks which could've ended cold war tension - 45what was the bay of pigs?-Castro overthrew Batista in Cuba
-Americans didn't like Castro so sent troops to overthrow him but they were captured
-Castro the decaled himself a Communsit
-America has Communist nation at their door step - 46why did Kruschev decide to build a wall in Berlin? what did he have on this wall to make it effective?-East Berlin was still embarassing for soviets
-many left to live in prosperous West
-Kruschev built a wall to keep people in
-wall had barbed wire and people ready to shoot - 47what was president Kennedy's view on the Berlin wall?-unimpressed
-claimed America wasnt perfect but a wall wasnt needed to keep people in - 48how did Berliners feel about the Berlin wall?-the wall split family and friends
-was resented by Berliners - 49what did Americans spot in Cuba that alarmed them and what name was given to the event?-medium range missiles in Cuba, long range missiles being brough across the Atlantic
-dangerous as almost all major American cities could be hit
-Cuban Missile crisis - 50what did Kennedy do to prevent amuntion reaching Cuba during the missile crisis? and what did Kruschev warn of because of this?-formed a naval blockade (ships couldnt dock) preventing Russian ships delivering missiles to Cuba
- Kruschev warned that this could be seen as an act of war - 51what promises did Kruschev make to Kennedy during the Cuban Missile crisis?1-promise to remove missiles from Cuba if Americans ended blockade and promised not to invade
2-promised to remove missiled only of they removed theirs from Turkey - 52after Kruschev sent Kennedy the two letters of promises what did Kennedy do?-agreed publicly to the first letter and secretly to the second
-sent Kruschev reasurance that the Turkish missiled would be gone in 6 months
-afterwards, a direct phone line from Moscow to Washington was installed so future crisis could be discussed - 53what was the prague spring 1968 triggered by?- dubcek stated that he had no wish to withdraw from Warsaw pact
-Brezhnev was worried anyway, sent troops into Czechoslovakia - 54why did Brezhnev announce the Brezhnev doctrine?-worried about Eastern countries leaving communism as Czechslovakia had freedom for 4 months (Prague spring)
- 55what does détente mean? and how was this achieved? what did president Nixon do to achieve détente?-cooling down between countries
-SALT talks were agreed upon to limit nuclear armaments in the East and West
Nixon established relationship with communist China for the first time - 56what was the reason for détente?in 1970 the world was brought too close to was for comfort by the Cuban missile crisis
- 57what was the Helsinki accords? and how did this contribute towards détente?-recognised soviet control in the east and concluded a trade agreement
-lessened hostility - 58what is the background of the Afghanistan was?-USSR had been investing in Afghanistan for years
-government run by soviet backed communists, most Afghans Muslim
-Mujahidin (rebellion force) fought jihad
-received financial support from Osama Bin Laden and American governent - 59why did USSR sent troops into Afghanistan during the Afghanistan war?-to protect communist government
-wanted influence in Asia like America had, had friendship with Pakistan
-also thought America was trying to gain influence in Afghanistan - 60during the Afghanistan war what did the soviets that meant they had the upper hand and in contrast what did they struggle with?-captured the airport and installing Babrak Karmal, a communist, as leader
-struggled with terrain, and mujahidin controlled land (80% of rural land) - 61what tactic did the mujahidin use against the soviets?-guerrilla warfare
- 62how many offensives did the soviets launch? and to what degree of success? and what year?-9
-little success
-1980 - 63what was President Carter's reaction to the Afghanistan war? where did his decision get little support?-furious, lead boycott of Moscow games (1980)
-supported by 60 nations
-issued carter doctrine
-little support from Europe - 64what was the Carter doctrine?forbidding soviets from expanding into the Persian gulf and blocked SALT 2 agreements
- 65what did SALT stand for?Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
- 66what ideas did Dubcek launch when he became leader of Czechoslovakia (1968)-communism with a human face
-freedom of speech and press but tried to learn from the Hungarian rising
-had no wish to leave warsaw pact
-everything was done peacefully - 67what contributed to the Hungarian uprising commencing?The Uprising was an almost spontaneous revolt by the Hungarian people against the ruling Communist Party of the time and the Soviet policies which were crippling post-war Hungary.
- 68what did the iron curtain signifyshowed the tension between countries during the cold war
- 69what was the iron curtain?The Iron Curtain was the name for the boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1991.
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- History Flashcards on paper 1, created by haniah shujahat on 04/03/2017.
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