GoConqr has a new look! Let us know what you think.

Sign up free

Flashcards

Hormones of the Kidney, Micturition and Control of Body Fluid

Louise Mason Veterinary Medicine Animal Disease 1 English 5.0Average rating 5.0 out of 5 (1 rating) 74 cards

Cards in this deck (74)

  1. 1What are the two consequences of an increases in osmolarity of the extracellular fluid?dehydration and thirst
  2. 2What hormone is released from the posterior pituitary in response to plasma omsolarity changes?Antidiuretic Hormone/Vasopressin
  3. 3How is a rise in plasma osmolarity detected?by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus
  4. 4What action do osmoreceptors take to respond to osmolarity changes?regulate the release of ADH from neuroendocrine cells, which is stored in vesicles to be released from the posterior pituitary as needed
  5. 5What effect does excess fluid have on body fluid osmolarity?lowers body fluid osmolarity by diluting solutes in plasms
  6. 6At normal plasma osmolarity, is there any ADH in the blood?yes, allowing a response to increases and decreases in body fluid osmolarity
  7. 7What effect will an increase in osmolarity have on level of ADH?increases circulating levels of ADH and increases water reabsorption
  8. 8What effect will a decreases in osmolarity have on circulating levels of ADH?decreases levels of ADH and so decreases water reabsorption
  9. 9What effect does an increases in ADH have on urine production?prevents the excretion of urine
  10. 10What part of the nephron does ADH have an effect on?distal tubules and collecting duct
  11. 11What other change within the body can stimulate the release of ADH?a decrease in blood pressure increases ADH secretion
  12. 12How does an increase in ADH work to return blood pressure to normal levels?increases water reabsorption to reduce the osmolarity to restore blood pressure
  13. 13At what percentage decrease of blood pressure does it become a strong stimulus for ADH secretion?a decrease by over 10%
  14. 14Which factor, osmolarity changes and blood pressure changes, acts as a more effective stimulus for ADH response?osmolarity changes
  15. 15At levels that are higher than needed to concentrate urine, what effect does ADH also have?acts as a vasoconstrictor to increase blood pressure at its maximum secretion
  16. 16What two factors together allow the ECF to be diluted to lower osmolarity?conservation of water and the same solute excretion levels
  17. 17What does a change in ADH levels actually affect on a cellular structure level?the number of aquaporins expressed on the cell membrane (increases or decreases this amount)
  18. 18What time frame does ADH respond within to changes in osmolarity?within minutes
  19. 19What is the half life for ADH within the blood?15 minutes
  20. 20What happens to the ADH to be removed from circulation?removed by the kidneys or metabolised to allow further responses to be carried out
  21. 21What substance found in cigarettes affects ADH release?Nicotine increases ADH release (like morphine)
  22. 22How does diabetes insipidus affect ADH release?Central: removes control over osmolarity changes and so affects the production of ADH
    Nephrogenic: receptors to ADH are not present on the collecting ducts so there is no renal response
  23. 23What is the most important extracellular ion in terms of regulation of osmolarity?Sodium
  24. 24What system would be affected if total Sodium levels weren't regulated but osmolarity was maintained?Cardiovascular system; total body fluid might increase which would increase the strain on the CVS
  25. 25What percentage of the ECF osmolarity is made up by Sodium ions?94%
  26. 26What Sodium levels must be equalised to maintain a stable ECF volume?amount of Sodium ingested and the losses from the body
  27. 27What is the only body fluid that can be acted upon to regulate the volume and composition of ECF?plasma
  28. 28What hormone is the most important determinant of renal Na+ reabsorption?Aldosterone
  29. 29Where is Aldosterone produced?in the adrenal cortex (result of angiotensin II)
  30. 30What effect does Aldosterone have?stimulates the Na+ reabsorption in the distal parts of the nephron
  31. 31What ions does Aldosterone promote the secretion of?H+ and K+ via H+K+ATPase
  32. 32Besides from the distal tubule and collecting ducts, where else does Aldosterone promote Na+ reabsorption from?colon, gastric glands and sweat glands
  33. 33What overall effect does Aldosterone have on body fluid volume?increases body fluid volume
  34. 34What change in ionic composition of the plasma stimulates Aldosterone release?increase in K+
  35. 35What are the two most important changes within the body that stimulate Aldosterone release?change in plasma K+ concentration and a decrease in effective circulatory volume
  36. 36Via what system does a decrease in effective circulatory volume lead to an increase in Aldosterone levels?renin-angiotensin system
  37. 37What enzyme is produced by the juxtaglomerular apparatus when body Na+ is reduced?Renin
  38. 38What change in arterial blood pressure also induces the release of renin?a fall in arterial blood pressure
  39. 39What effect does Angiotensin II have on reabsorption?increases tubular reabsorption of salt and water
  40. 40How can sympathetic activity have an effect on Angiotensin II?an increase in activity leads to an increase in renin release (more angiotensin II and so aldosterone)
  41. 41Angiotensin II prioritises the perfusion of which organs?the brain and the heart
  42. 42What action does Angiotensin II have on afferent and efferent arterioles?constricts arterioles to reduce renal blood flow
  43. 43How does arteriolar constriction lead to increased reabsorption?the reduction in renal blood flow increases the oncotic pressure in blood leaving the glomerular capillaries and so favours water and salt reabsorption
  44. 44What is the only way in which Angiotensin II can actually increase Na+ content?by stimulating Aldosterone
  45. 45What enzyme, found in the endothelial cells of the lung, converts Angiotensin ! to Angiotensin II?Angiotensin converting enzmye (ACE)
  46. 46What treatment can be given for high blood pressure?ACE inhibitors
  47. 47What centre in the hypothalamus is also stimulated by Angiotensin II?thirst centre to increase the body fluid intake
  48. 48What substances are synthesised and released from cardiac atrial cells?Atrial Natriuretic Peptides
  49. 49What are ANP's released in response to?released in response to atrial stretch/increased extracellular volume
  50. 50What effect do ANP's have on Sodium and ECF volume?inhibit Na+ reabsorption and increase Sodium excretion to reduce ECF volume and blood plasma
  51. 51ANP's inhibit the production of which hormone involved in Sodium regulation?Aldosterone
  52. 52What action do ANP's have on afferent arterioles and what effect does this have in the kidney?vasodilation of afferent arterioles and increase the glomerular filtration rate
  53. 53Which ionic exchange is increased by Angiotensin II and where does this take place?Na+/H+ exchange in the proximal tubule
  54. 54How does Angiotensin II affect the GFR?reduces the GFR
  55. 55What effect does an increase in sympathetic activity have on Sodium filtration?decreases filtration
  56. 56Where in the nephron do osmotic diuretics act on?proximal tubule to decrease reabsorption
  57. 57What do Thiazide diuretics do and where do they have an effect within the nephron?block Na+ transporters in the distal tubule
  58. 58What do Loop diuretics do?inhibit Na+ re-uptake in the ascending limbs of the LoH, which reduces the gradient needed for Sodium reabsorption
  59. 59Where in the nephron do K+ sparing diuretics and Na+ channel blockers have an effect?in the collecting duct
  60. 60What hormone is produced in the kidney that stimulates red blood cell production?erythropoetin
  61. 61What is micturition?urination
  62. 62How does urine composition change once it leaves the renal pelvis?it doesn't - only in horses where mucus secretion in the ureter makes the urine slightly viscous
  63. 63How is urine transported from the kidneys to the bladder?moves as boluses via peristaltic contraction of smooth muscle
  64. 64What sphincter is involuntarily controlled and keeps the entrance to the urethra closed?the internal sphincter
  65. 65What autonomic activity causes the internal sphincter to remain closed?tonic sympathetic activity
  66. 66What form of innervation is responsible for keeping the external sphincter closed?tonic somatic activity
  67. 67How is a change in bladder volume detected?stretch-sensitive receptors in the walls of the bladder detect this
  68. 68What happens to sensory neurones as the bladder fills?an increase in pressure within the bladder causes an increase in activity of the sensory neurones
  69. 69What does an increase in parasympathetic activity have within the bladder?detrusor muscle contracts, bladder pressure increases, increased contractions, increased pressure etc
  70. 70As the contractions and pressure in the bladder increases, what eventually happens?decrease in somatic activity to the external sphincter, sphincter opens and the neck of the bladder dilates
  71. 71What is reflex emptying of the bladder an example of?positive feedback
  72. 72What does urine flow out of the bladder stimulate?stimulates urethra sensory cells to increase parasympathetic activity to the bladder muscles to allow complete emptying
  73. 73Where in the brain does voluntary suppression of urination originate from?cerebral cortex
  74. 74In newborn and untrained animals, what is urination a result of?urination is the result of a spinal reflex, which is determined by the amount of urine in the bladder at any given time

Information

Description
Animal Disease 1 Veterinary Medicine Flashcards on Hormones of the Kidney, Micturition and Control of Body Fluid, created by Louise Mason on 20/03/2017.
Created by
Louise Mason
Views
26
Rating
Average rating 5.0 out of 5 (1 rating)

Feedback

What is it about?

What do you think of the new look?

How do you like it?