Flashcards
Memory
Cards in this deck (20)
- 1Primary MemoryRelated to present space/time, conscious, effortless retrieval
- 2Secondary MemoryRelates to past, unconscious/permanent and retrieval requires effort
- 3MillerChunks, 7 +/- 2
- 4Cowan (2001)Limited capacity of 4
Baesd on evidence from auditory attention, multiple object tracking and memory recall tasks - 5Iconic (sensory) memory storeSperling (1960)
All info is present in iconic memory but decays rapidly
Secondary short term memory is required to actively retrieve info
Supports miller but basic - 6Modal model or memory (STS and LTS)Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968)
Sensory info' is rehearsed in STS. Rehearsed info then transferred to LTS or forgotten by decay - 7Capacity Forgetting EncodingSTS is limited, LTS unlimited
STS forgotten by trace decay, LTS by interference
STS uses sensory, LTS uses semantic info - 8Baddeley and Hitch (1974)Central executive
Visuo-spatial sketchpad
Phonological loop/store - 9Global Workspace TheoryBaars, 1997
Working memory for consciousness
Distinguishes between WM and consciousness in terms of duration
GWT only lasts a few seconds
Iconic memory? - 10Levels of ProcessingCraik and Lockhart, 1972
Shallow, phonological
Semantic
Based on deep levels of processing
Elaborate, long lasting, strong memory traces by deeper levels of analysis - 11Craik and Tulving, 1975Elaboration of processing, more = better LTM
Rrcall improved for words associated with complex sentences
More distinct = more readily retrieved - 12Explicit memory Declarative memoryRecalling words from list or recalling facts
'knowing that...' refers to semantic episodes - 131) Semantic memory 2) Episodic memory1) general encyclopeadic of knowledge, world, language
Meanings, rules, procedures
2) Memories for episodes or events in lives
Occur at particular time/place
Autobiographical memories - 141) Implicit memory 2) Procedural memory1) Identifying whether sentence is grammatically correct, knowing how to ride a bike
2) 'knowing how' refers to learnt skills, riding bike, can't be verbalised - 15Encoding Specificity PrincipleIf something is learnt in specific location or environment, it is preferentially recalled in the same conditions (Tulving, 1970s)
Forgetting = poor consolidation, trace decay, interference - 16Interference 1) Proactive 2) Retroactive 3) Output1) PREVIOUS learning interferes with later
2) NEW learning interferes with previous
3) When act of recalling a memory interferes with retrieval of actual info needed in first place - 17AmnesiaDeclarative memory deficit
Procedural intact
Can acquire new motor skills - 18RetrogradeLoss of memory info PRIOR onset of amnesia
damage to neo cortical structures - 19AnterogradeLoss of memory acquired AFTER onset of amnesia
Problem with consolidation of memory, caused by subcortical damage - 20HMRetrograde amnesia for events 3 years prior to operation
Impaired memory for events subsequent to operation
Information
- Description
- Undergraduate Cognitive Flashcards on Memory, created by bthnyrose on 22/05/2014.
- Created by
- bthnyrose
- Views
- 14
- Rating