Explanations for Substance Abuse

Explanations for Substance Abuse

1. Hereditry

   • Melo (Animals)
   • Kaij (Twins)
   • Peters and Preedy (Adoption)
   • Plomin (Absence of Brakes)
   • Schuckit (Family Tolerance)
   • Melo (Gene Mapping)

2. Personality

   • Flory (Extrovert)
   • McAdams (Low conscientiousness)
   • Davidson and Neale (Anxiety/Novelty seeking)
   • Morgenstern (APD)
   • Fabrega (APD)
   • Davidson and Neale (APD)
   • Psychodynamic (High dependency needs)
     • Shedler and Block
   • Types of Alcoholics

3. Social

   • Modles
     • Sarafino (Role Models)
     • Stein (Parents/Peers)
   • Norms
     • Garnier and Stein (Mums and teens)
     • Helzer and Canino (Taiwan/Korea)
     • Perkins and Berkowitz
       • Social Norm Approach
   • Peers
     • Harris (Teens-Adults)
     • Killen (Smoking Peers)
     • Social Control Theory

4. General

   • Olds and Milner (Rats Levers)
   • Siegal (Envrionment - Tolerance)
   • Field-Smith (Solvent abuse deaths)
   • Schacther (Nicotine level)