Memory

Memory

1. Atkinson & Shiffrin

   • Long Term
     • Capacity = unlimited
     • Duration = unlimited
     • Procedural: Memories of HOW to do something
     • Declarative: Factual information expressed in words or symbols
       • Semantic
         • Memory for facts and rules about the world
       • Episodic
         • Personally significant events or episodes related to a specific time and place
   • Short Term
     • Capacity = 7+/-2 can hold 5(7-2) and 9(7+2 bits of information at one stage
     • Duration = about 30 seconds without rehersal
     • Temporary store information from either sensory or Long term memory. Holds all information you are consciously aware of at one time
   • Sensory
     • Iconic visual)
       • memory lasts .2 -.4 seconds
       • Stores visual sensory impressions long enough for each impression to slightly overlap, We perceive the world as continuous.
     • Echoic (auditory)
       • memory lasts 3-4 seconds
       • Auditory impression lasts longer than iconic memory to allow for understanding sentences
     • Capacity = unlimited
     • Duration = Up to 4 seconds

2. Memory Processes

   • Encoding
     • Sensory info is received by sense organs,converted in a form brain can use
   • Storage
     • Information is retained within a memory system
   • Retrieval
     • Locating and retrieving information so that we are consciously aware of it