INTRODUCTION TO IMMUNOLOGY (Part 2)

INTRODUCTION TO IMMUNOLOGY (Part 2)

1. Development of T and B cells

   • Lymphocytes
     • COLONEL DELETION occurs to eliminate lymphocytes
   • Antigen-independent maturation
     • T cells : Thymus
     • B cells : Bone marrow
   • Surface Markers or Receptors
     • Bind to receptors on other cells
     • Bind to antigens
     • Transmit and receives messages
   • Common receptor molecuules
     • MHC
     • CD
     • Antigen-specific receptors

2. Presentation of Antigens

   • substances that can provoke immune response
   • many EPITOPES
   • determine by SIZE, COMPLEXITY & FOREIGNNESS
   • presented by APCs
     • Macrophages
     • Dendritic cells
     • B cells
   • T cells : TCR
     • supported by CD4 or CD8
   • B cells : Immunoglobulins or Antibodies
     • IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD

3. T - cell Response

   • Subtypes of T helper cells
     • stimulate or activate other cells
   • Memory
     • immmunological memory
   • Regulatory
     • prevent excessive inflammation & autoimmunity
   • Cytotoxic
     • infected host cells
     • cancerous host cells
     • Foreign cells

4. B - cell Response

   • SOMETIMES, can be activated by T helper : T independent activation
   • MOST OF THE TIME, require activation of T helper cells
   • Memory
     • store immunological memory
   • Antibodies
     • Neutralisation
     • Opsonisation
     • Agglutination
     • Antitoxin action