Memory

Memory

1. Three Kinds of Memory

   • Episodic
     • remembering a specific event
   • Semantic
     • common knowledge
   • Implicit
     • learned skills and procedures

2. Sensory, LTM, and STM

   • Sensory Memory
     • the initial recording of information
   • Iconic Memory
     • the brief holding of registered visual stimuli
   • Eidetic Imagery
     • maintaining a visual memory over months
   • Echoic Memory
     • the brief holding of registered sounds
   • STM
     • briefly held memory before it is stored or forgotten
   • Primary Effect
     • the tendency to recall the initial item/items in a series
   • Recency Effect
     • recalling the last item in a series
   • Chunking
     • moving memories and information into meaningful "chunks"
   • Interferenece
     • when new information is replacing what was originally in the STM
   • LTM
     • memories that are relatively large and permanent
   • Schema
     • an idea or metal framework that helps to organize and interpret info

3. Forgetting and Memory Improvement

   • Decay
     • the fading away of a memory
   • Repression
     • purposefully removing bad memories from one's consciousness
   • Tip-of-the-Tongue Phenomenon
     • the belief that we remember something but am unable to retrieve
   • Anterograde Amnesia
     • the inability to form memories due to brain trauma
   • Retrograde Amnesia
     • the inability to remember events or skills prior to brain trauma

4. Encoding, Storage, and Retrieval

   • Recognition
     • when using an object or image to remember a previous memory
   • Context-Dependent Memories
     • info that is easily retrieved when in the context it was encoded or stored
   • State-Dependent Memories
     • info that is easily retrieved when in the same physiological or emotional state when remembered
   • Recall
     • retrieving remember information