How does the social and cultural structure of settlements vary and why?

How does the social and cultural structure of settlements vary and why?

1. Industrialisation

   • Growth of factories which attract workers which improves development of towns and cities
   • Cumulative causation
     • Investment
       • Factories
         • Workers
           • More factories
             • More workers
               • Higher tax
                 • Economic growth

2. Suburbanisation

   • People who sought to escape noise and pollution of inner city
     • Move from centre to sub-urbs
   • Hartley, Plymouth
     • 3 miles from city centre
     • Well established residential area
       • family life
     • Most houses from 20's + 30's
     • Wealthy area - large houses (Low density)
     • Almost no commerical
     • Lots of land + space
       • Bus service along main road

3. Urban sprawl

   • Cities expanding outwards into countryside

4. Counter-urbanisation

   • Movement away from cities all together and into towns/ villages
     • Consequence
       • Increased pressure to build housing
       • Rising populations
         • Increased divorce rates
         • Later marriages increases demand for houses
   • Urchfont, Wiltshire
     • 1950s
       • 10 farms
       • no piped water until 1956
       • Today
         • 1/4 of people aged over 65yrs - 16% of Wiltshire's over 65 as a whole
         • Rural aspect suffering
         • Farmers facing ruin - big agriculture recessions
           • Must expand crops to survive
         • Urban aspect thriving
         • 7% of houses are second homes to people living in cities

5. Reurbanisation

   • Movement back into an area once abandoned
   • Uses gentrification, renovation and re-imaging of areas within cities

6. Suburban intensification

   • Infilling vacant building plots, replacing detached large housing with smaller homes or flats
   • Upgrading local shipping areas by allowing high street names to take over local
   • Suburbs become urban + higher building densities