Memory

Memory

1. Stages of memory

   • 1. Input - information put in
   • 2. Encoding - way information is changed so it can be stored
   • 3. Storage - information kept
   • 4. Retrieval - getting information from the LTM
   • 5. Output - information you get out

2. Types of memory

   • Sensory memory
     • Iconic - visual images kept for a short period
     • Echoic - auditory senses kept for sort period
     • Haptic - senses of touch
   • Short term memory
     • Conrad 1964 = determined how it is encoded
     • Capacity - millers magic number 7
     • Duration - Peterson and Peterson, 20 seconds then it faded
   • Long term memory
     • Declarative - knowing it
     • Implicit - knowing how
     • Semantic - shared memory for facts
     • Episodic - personal memories
     • Procedural - memory for how to do things

3. Working memory model

   • central executive
     • monitors and coordinates all other mental functions in working memory
   • episodic buffer
     • receives input from many sources, temporarily stores this and then integrates it to construct a mental episode
   • phonological loop
     • phonological store - codes speech
     • articulatory process - used for words that are heard or seen then are looped
   • Visuo spatial sketchpad
     • codes visual info in terms of separate objects
     • Visual scribe - stores info about visual items
     • Inner scribe - deals with spatial relations

4. Forgetting

   • proactive interference
     • past learning interferences with current attempts to learn something
   • retroactive interference
     • current attempts to learn something, interferes with past learning
   • context dependent
     • occurs when environment during recall Is different from environment you was in when you were learning