Study of Animal Behavior 1.1

Study of Animal Behavior 1.1

1. Charles Darwin

   • Classical Ethology
     • Theory of Evolution
       • All Related Organisms Descend from Common Ancestors
     • What Animals Know is Instinct

2. Ivan Pavlov

   • Animals Can Learn
     • Study with Dogs
       • Unconditioned Response
         • Reflex
       • Unconditioned Stimulus
         • Produces Unconditioned Response
       • Conditioned Stimulus
         • Unrelated Stimulus that Produces a Response

3. John B Watson

   • Behaviorism
     • Behavior is Learned NOT GENETIC
       • Stimulus-Response Theory of Psychology
         • Behavior is muscular and glandular responses that can be observed and measured
           • Classical Conditioning
             • Stimulus Happens at the same time or in the same area
           • Operant Conditioning
             • Stimuli Through Punishment or Reward
               • B. F. Skinner
                 • Study with Rats- Received food when they pressed a bar
                   • Instrumental Learning
                     • Trial and Error- Operant Learning with Classical Conditioning

4. Sociobiology

   • Animal Behavior Patterns are shaped by learning and environmental influences
     • Behavior arises, develops,and disappears based on SURVIVAL RATE
   • Studied by
     • Niko Tenbergen
     • Karl Von Frisch
     • Konrad Lorenz

5. Role of Genetics

   • Inherited Characteristics that impact Animal Behavior
     • Fixed Action Patterns
       • Stereotypical or Predictable Patterns of Behavior

6. Terminology

   • Positive Reinforcement
     • Pleasant occurrence following behavior
   • Negative Reinforcement
     • Unpleasant occurrence following behavior
   • Punishment
     • To Decrease a Behavior
       • Positive Punishment
         • Adding Undesirable occurrence
       • Negative Punishment
         • Removing a desired occurrence
       • Most difficult method of behavior Modification
         • To Be Effective Punishment Must
           • Occur Every Time
           • Be Applied Immediately
           • Have the appropriate intensity
           • NOT be associated with the owner

7. Imprinting

   • Enables the very young to Recognize & Bond with Parents
     • Crucial in the wild
       • Allows babies to recognize their parents vs. Danger
   • Konrad Lorenz
   • During the Sensitive Period
     • In Cats and Dogs 2-12 Weeks