Cells

Cells

1. Plant

   • A plant grows through the process of photosynthesis which needs light to maintain the process of growth.
     • •Both plant and animal cells include nucleus, cell membrane and mitochondria, which are part of their structure.
     • •The main function of a plant cells is to carry all processes that are needed to facilitate plant life.
   • The plant cell also houses different kind’s structural properties to an animal cell yet still contains some similarities.
     • A plant cell can be included in the category of eukaryotic cells. These are the cells that have a well-defined nucleus.
       • •The structure of the plant cell includes cellulose, chloroplasts, chlorophyll and vacuoles. Plasma membrane, nucleus, nucleolus and mitochondria are also included in the structure of a plant cell. The endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and microtubules are other features of the plant cell.
   • Cell walls are made up of cellulose, which humans cannot digest. These walls are visible under a microscope and resemble a thick outline around the plant cells.
     • There are both similarities and differences between plant and animal cells. They are both basic units of life, which compose all living organisms. However, plant and animal cells may have a different function and a different structure.
   • •There are two types of reproduction in plants. They can be asexual, when the cell splits in two, and sexual, when two cells combine to create one living cell.
     • •Plant cells have cell walls in which they can store water.
   • •A plant cell is the structural and functional unit for all plant organisms.
     • Through photosynthesis sunlight, water and carbon dioxide are transformed into energy, water and oxygen. This is an important process for the support of all forms of life.
     • •Cell walls of plants are made up of cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin.

2. Bacteria

   • Bacteria are the simplest of creatures that are considered alive.
   • Flagella - a small tail like shape that allows the cell to swim through liquids.
   • They are prokaryotic cells
     • Some help plants absorb nitrogen (N) from the soil.
     • Some cause diseases like food poisoning.
       • There are more bacterial cells in the body than human cells.
     • Some bacteria even live inside the stomachs of cows to help them break down cellulose.
     • Bacterial cells are much smaller than plant or animal cells. They were first seen under a microscope
   • Spherical bacteria are in the shape of little spheres or balls. They are arranged in rows of circles.
     • Bacterial cells are much smaller than plant or animal cells. They were first seen under a microscope in 1676
   • Spiral shaped bacteria twist a little. Think about balloon animals for these shapes. It's like a balloon animal in the shape of a corkscrew.
     • Bacterial cells do not contain chloroplasts (like animal cells but unlike plant cells). In addition, unlike animal and plant cells, bacterial cells lack: A 'true' nucleus Mitochondria
     • Instead of a cell nucleus containing chromosomes, the DNA in bacterial cells is arranged in a single circular strand in the cytoplasm.

3. Animal

   • The cell membrane controls what substances leave and enter the cell.
     • Animal cells have an inbuilt self-destruct system which is resorted to when a cell becomes damaged beyond repair or gets severely infected.
   • The vacuole stores molecuels that are needed and isolates harmful material.
   • The smallest unit of life.
     • The cell wall stops the cell from bursting and maintains the shape of the cell.
       • Animal cells are nano chemical factories that are completely self-sufficient! The cells themselves manufacture everything that constitutes them.
     • Contain DNA instead of genetic material.
       • The size of a single, random animal cell can fall anywhere between 1 and 100 micrometers.
   • The mitochondria produces energy the cell needs through respiration.
   • The nucleus is the control centre of the cell.
     • Cells are not the tiniest particles on earth! Each cell is made up of a number of even tinier particles known as atoms
   • The cytoplasm is where chemical reactions are made.
     • Animal cells usually have an irregular shape.

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