Memory

Memory

1. Patient HM

   • -1957 - severe epilepsy -surgery to remove medial temporal lobes (hippocampus & amygdala) ->  seizures stopped but severe amnesia onset

2. Types of memory

   • Explicit/ Declarative
     • facts & events -> medial temporal lobe, hippocampus  - requires conscirous thought 
     • Episodic Memory
       • recall a personal experience eg a holiday
       • medial temporal lobe & hippocampus
     • Semantic Memory
       • facts & conceptual knowledge eg who is the prime minister?
       • inferolateral temporal lobes
     • Working Memory (short-term memory)
       • temporary hold of information eg  a phone number
       • Prefrontal cortex
   • Implicit
     • skills and habits -> amygdala, cerebellum, reflex pathways  - does not require conscious thought 
     • Procedural
       • behaviour & cognitive skills eg how to ride a bike 
       • basal ganglia & cerebellum

3. Diseases

   • Parkinson's & Huntington's disease
     • Impairements in all memory types
   • Alzheimer's disease
     • Impairment in episodic, semantic, working but NOT procedural memory

4. Animal models & tests

   • Delayed Non-matching to sample (DNMTS) task
   • Spatial map
   • Morris watermaze
   • Novelty Object Recognition task