Attachment

Attachment

1. Caregiver-infant Interactions

   • Interactional Synchrony
   • Reciprocity

2. Role of the Father

3. Stages of Attachment

   • Schaffer and Emerson (1964)
     • 1. Asocial (first few weeks)
     • 2. Indiscriminate (2-7 months)
     • 3. Specific (around 7 months)
     • 4. Multiple (by 1 year)

4. Animal studies

   • Harlow ( 1958)
     • Monkeys
   • Lorenz (1952)
     • Goslings

5. Learning Theory

   • Dollard and Miller (1950)
     • Classical Conditioning
       • Association
     • Operant conditioning
       • Negative Reinforcement

6. Bowlby's Monotropic Theory of Attachment

   • Monotropy
   • Social releasers
   • Critical period
   • Internal Working Model

7. Ainsworth's Strange Situation

   • Secure Attachment
   • Insecure-Resistant Attachment
   • Insecure-Avoidant Attachment

8. Cultural Variations in Attachment

   • Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg (1988)
     • Meta-analysis
   • Simonelli et al (2014)
     • Italian Study

9. Bowlby's Theory of Maternal Deprivation

   • Intellectual Development
   • Emotional Development
   • Maternal Deprivation
   • 44 Thieves Study (1944)

10. Romanian Orphan Studies

    • Institutionalisation
    • Rutter et al (2011)

11. Early attachment and later relationships

    • Internal Working Model
    • Hazan and Shaver (1987)